Key Topic 3 - Elizabethan Society in the Age of Exploration Flashcards
Timeline of the colonisation of Virginia
1584 - Sir Walter Raleigh plans colonisation of North America
1585 - colonisation begins - 107 men set out for Virginia, led by Richard Grenville
1586 - After a Native American raid, the surviving colonists abandon the colony due to lack of food
1587 - New colonists return and set up colony in raonoke
1590 - English sailors arrive at Raonoke, to find all colonists disappeared
Why was Virginia colonised?
It would make England less dependant on Spain, France and Italy if they imported goods from Virginia
Describe the Native American attack of 1586 on colonists
Algonquian Chief Winginia led an attack, angered by diseases the colonists they had brought
3 reasons why Virginia failed
Lack of food as Armada meant few ships were able to visit
Native American attacks led to crisis
Both expeditions lacked required skills, eg. soldiers could not farm the land
2 features of Elizabethan education
Parish schools, for up to age 10, were set up by local church and run by clergy.
Grammar schools, for 10-14, were attended by children of the rich and paid fees.
2 features of Elizabethan pastimes
Non-religious plays replaced the Mystery play that were popular among Catholic
Spectator sports involved baiting and cock-fighting, Money was bet on outcomes.
What percentage of the poor was under 16 years old?
40%
2 reasons for poverty
Bad harvests (1562, 1565, 1573 and 1586) resulted in subsistence farmers, which reduced food supply and drove up prices. Growth of the wool trade meant farmers preferred to rear sheep - less food
Population growth from 1551-1601
3 million to 4.2 million
Describe 2 policies toward the poor
Poor Relief Act, 1576 - Justices of Peace were to provide poor with wool and materials to enable them to make and sell.
Vagabonds Act, 1572 - Vagrants were whipped and had a hole drilled through each ear, they were imprisoned and executed for third offence.
2 reasons for exploration in Elizabethan age
Ships had bigger sails so were faster and more manoeuvrable
Trade was expanding in the New World
2 reasons why Drake circumnavigated the golbe
He was attacking Spain and wanted revenge as most of his men were killed by Spanish at St Juan de Ulua
Loot and trade were to be huge profits for Drake’s journey to America and beyond
2significances of Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe
His voyages meant England claimed the right to much of north America, resulting in conflict with the pope who awarded North America to Spain
England increasingly saw her navy as the best means of defense
