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history nazi germany > key topic 3 > Flashcards

key topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

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2
Q

Who did the Nazis blame for the Reichstag fire?

A

Dutch communist- Marinus van der Lubbe

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3
Q

What did the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to pass?

A

an Emergency decree- suspended Weimar constitution

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4
Q

What effect did the Reichstag fire have on election?

A

election was 1 week after the fire (5th March 1933) fear of communist uprising grew

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5
Q

What % did the Nazi-DNVP coalition have?

A

51.9% (enough to win)

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6
Q

When was the enabling act placed?

A

23rd March 1933

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7
Q

What did the enabling act state?

A

Hitler could make laws without the Reichstag.

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8
Q

Why did the enabling act go through?

A

MPs were fearful of voting against a majority government.

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9
Q

When was political opposition completely removed?

A

14th July 1933

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10
Q

How was political opposition completely removed?

A

All political parties were removed apart from Nazis.

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11
Q

What happened to trade union leaders in 1933?

A

Arrested and sent to concentration camps, workers forced to work for DAF

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12
Q

When was the night of long knives?

A

30th June 1934

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13
Q

What happened on the night of long knives?

A

Hitler used the SS to get rid of members of the SA

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14
Q

How did the night of long knives get rid of opposition?

A

Rohm(powerful rival)/SA members were killed who were planning to take over the army and starting to ruin Nazi reputation.
Hitler killed other opponents such as former chancellor, von schleicher

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15
Q

Why did night of long knives happen?

A

To secure support of General Werner von Blomberg- 9th april 1934 bomberg agreed to support hitler if he reduced SAs power, remove opposition

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16
Q

When and how did Hitler become Fuhrer?

A

August 1934, president hindenburg died, Hitler joined roles of president and chancellor to become fuhrer

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17
Q

How was loyalty shown to Hitler during the third reich

A

Heil Hitler salute, army to swear an oath of allegiance to hitler personally, 2nd august 1934 blomberg added a new oath of allegiance for the army to the fuhrer.

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18
Q

What happened to local governments

A

Brought under Nazi control, each province (Gaue) controlled by a Nazi (Gauleiter)

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19
Q

What did the Law of Reconstruction of Reich state?

A

Hitler had total control of local governments

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20
Q

What does Gleichschaltung mean?

A

Nazi regime combined force and fear to achieve obidience

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21
Q

Who was Heinrich Himmler

A

In charge of nazi tools of repression, the gestapo, the ss and sd. hitlers closest colleagues. supported idea of aryan race/ inferiority of untermenschen, do what he wanted with no legal punishment

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22
Q

How did nazis control the legal system

A

Got rid of trials by jury/ only judge trials, judges had to join the Nationalistic socialist league of the maintenance of the law, all judges had to rule in nazi’s favour.

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23
Q

Who was the Gestapo

A

Hitlers secret police service

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24
Q

Who/when set up/lead the Gestapo

A

Herrman goering 1933, lead by Reynhard Heydrich in 1934

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25
Q

What was the purpose of the Gestapo

A

spied on german citizens/ prosecuted people spoke

26
Q

Who was the SS

A

Hitlers protection squad

27
Q

When was the SS set up/lead by

A

1925, Heinrich Himmler

28
Q

Who were the SD

A

Hitlers security service

29
Q

When was the SD set up/set up by/lead by

A

1931 by Heinrich Himmler, lead by Reinhard Heydrich

30
Q

How successful were the Nazi tools of repression

A

Very, German citizens were afraid and conformed to Nazi regime.

31
Q

How did german citizens conform to Nazi regime

A

Be careful of what they said about Nazis at anytime/anywhere, encouraged to spy and report to the Gestapo.

32
Q

Why was the Church an important threat to Nazi Germany

A

Church principles opposed Nazi actions, 1933 estiamted 40 million German protestants and 20 million German Catholics, German citizens loyal to church

33
Q

When was the Reich church founded

A

1933

34
Q

Who led the Reich church

A

Ludwig muller

35
Q

What did the Reich Church involve?

A

Stopped preaching old testament (associated with Jews), Nazi phrase “The swastika on our chest and the cross in our heart” blurred lines between God and State.

36
Q

How were protestants opposing Nazis?

A

The confessional church founded in 1934 led by Martin Neimoller made up of 6000 chruches, opposed Reich Church

37
Q

How were catholics opposing nazis?

A

Loyalty split between pope and hitler,

38
Q

How did Hitler remove catholic opposition

A

He and the pope signed a Concordant stating Catholics could keep their schools as long as they did not intervene with Nazi politics

39
Q

When did the pope and hitler sign the concordant

A

July 1933

40
Q

Did hitler follow the concordant between him and the pope

A

No, he banned catholic schools, youth groups , sent priest to concentration camps, 1937 the pope released a statement showing his anger toward hitler.

41
Q

Who controlled propaganda ?

A

Joseph goebbels

42
Q

What did the Nazi message focus on?

A

The glory of war, hitler as a powerful leader, the evils of communism, inferiority of jews, glorification of the aryan race

43
Q

How did film and radio do propaganda?

A

Films emphasized nazi messages, hitler used radios/loud speakers to reach german society

44
Q

How did rallies do propaganda?

A

Showed germany strength, nationalistic pride, Nuremberg Rally

45
Q

How did the Berlin olympics do propaganda?

A

Displayed Nazi power, showed off Aryan superiority,

46
Q

How did Nazis use censorship as propagranda

A

Burned books written by jews/ disagreed with nazi beliefs, only newspapers supporting nazis beliefs were allowed to operate (1944 nazis controlled 80%)

47
Q

How successful was propaganda in nazi germany?

A

very successful until the war. people had radios in their homes and posters scared german citizens etc.

48
Q

What was the Reich Chamber of Culture

A

Monitored art and culture to ensure it followed Nazi beliefs.

49
Q

When was the Reich Chamber of Culture set up?

A

1933

50
Q

How were buildings controlled to fit nazi beliefs?

A

had to be built from traditional materials, reflected beauty like ancient greeks, Albert speer was Hitlers preferred architect

51
Q

How was music controlled to fit nazi beliefs?

A

had to be traditional, jazz/ jewish music was banned, betthoven was encouraged

52
Q

How was art controlled to fit nazi beliefs?

A

glorify aryan race/ germany

53
Q

Who were the Edelwiss pirates?

A

group of youths in rhineland, attacked hitler youth, poor backgrounds, wrote anti-nazi slogans, wore american clothing.

54
Q

How many edelwiss pirates were there in 1939?

A

2000

55
Q

Who were the Swing youth?

A

influenced by americans, played jazz, smoked/drank alcohol, wealthy backgrounds

56
Q

What happened to the edelwiss youth during the war

A

1942- 700 members arrested
1944- 12 publicly hung to send message

57
Q

What happened to the Swing Youth over the war?

A

gained more followers

58
Q

What was the white rose group?

A

2 Munich students called Hans and Sophie Scholl, published anti-nazi leaflets/graffiti, both executed by the gestapo in 1943

59
Q

What was the july plot?

A

Count Stauffenberg tried to kill hitler by putting a bomb in his briefcase, however he was only injured

60
Q

When was the July plot?

A

20th july 1944.

61
Q

What was the outcome of the July plot?

A

5746 executed

62
Q
A

history nazi germany (3 decks)

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