Key terms - Ultrastructure of the mammalian synapse Flashcards
Lecture 1
Definition of:
Synapse
Specialised cell-cell junction that allows neurons to communicate with each other & non-neuronal target cells (muscle cells, exocrine glands)
Definition of:
Chemical Synapse
A junction between 2 neurons where signals are trasmitted via the release of neurotransmitters
Definition of:
** Electrical Synapse**
A gap junction between 2 neurons where signals are transmitted directly via electrical currents
Definition of:
** Neural Circuit **
Multiple neurons that are linke together by a set of synapses in series.
Definition of:
** Excitatory Neurotransmitters **
Junctions between neurons where the release of neurotransmitters increases the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential
Definition of:
** Inhibitory Synapse **
Junctions between neurons where the release of neurotransmitters decreases the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential
Definition of:
Neuromodulatory Neurotransmitter
Junctions between neurons where the release of neurotransmitters can alter the excitability or responsiveness of the postsynaptic neuron over a longer timescale than traditional excitatory or inhibitory synapses
Definition of:
**Central synapse **
Synapses located within the central nervous system, typically between the neurons in the brain and the spinal cord
Definition of:
Peripheral Synapse
Synapses located within the central nervous system, typically between neurons and effectors
Definition of:
Active Zone
A specialised region on the presynaptic plasma membrane, where synaptic vesicles are docked and primed for release
Definition of;
** Postsynaptic density**
A protein-rich region on the postsynaptic membrane that contains receptors for neurotransmitters and other signalling molecules, facilitating the transmission of synaptic signals
