Key Terms & Themes Flashcards
1
Q
Columbian Exchange
A
- The transfer of plants, animals, goods, and diseases between Europeans ans native Americans
- following with the “discovery” of the new world; circa 1500
- From America to Europe
- food like beans, corn (maze),
potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts,
pumpkins, and chocolate - tobacco
- some diseases, most notably,
syphilis
- food like beans, corn (maze),
- From Europe to America
- foods like sugarcane, coffee,
wheat, rice, rye, and barley - animals like horses,pigs,
cows, sheep,and goats - tech like guns and even the
wheel - diseases ,most notably
smallpox but a lot of others.
- foods like sugarcane, coffee,
2
Q
Encomienda System
A
- crown granted large grants to Spaniards
- incl. right to force native labor for which Spanish had to “care for” & “protect” natives
- change in lifestyle and European diseases kill large proportion of natives
- native populations had never been exposed so they had no immunity to the diseases
- spread of disease was unintentional
- system gradually melds with the asiento system, bringing in African slaves which were taxed per head
3
Q
Pueblos
A
- southwest north american tribe
- permanent settlements,often under cliffs and multi story buildings
- farmers w/complex irrigation systems (weakened by drought and influx of other tribes)
4
Q
Mississippi/Woodland mound builders
A
- prehistoric american Indians named for their practice of burying their dead in large mounds
5
Q
Mayas
A
- Yucatan peninsula
- roots back to c. 2000 BC
- peak period c. AD 300 to AD 900
- gradual decline to early 16th century (Spanish contact)
- Spanish conquest 1511 to 1697
- At its peak consisted of city-states in complex network of alliances/oppositions
- declined likely due to own weight and natural occurrences
6
Q
Incas
A
- Peru
- largest empire in the pre-Colombian Americas
- flourished roughly the same time as the Aztecs
- Spanish contact,1526 - final stronghold falls to Spanish, 1572 conquest led by Francisco Pizarro
- size of empire made it unwieldy to govern by Incas; esp. subjugated peoples
- spanish arrive during a period of war over the imperial succession
7
Q
Aztecs
A
- central mexico
- dominated mesoamerica for the 14th-16th centuries
- capital of Tenochtitlan had a population c. 200,000
- reached its zenith early 16th century, just before Spanish contact
- Spanish conquest 1519-1521, led by Hernan Cortes
- Spanish utilized unrest of subjugated peoples in europe
8
Q
Conquistadores
A
- combination of military conquest and missionary conversion
- military efforts most assoc. w/conquistadores ; ex Hernan Cortes (conquered Aztecs) and coronado (explorer of the american southwest)
- missions are the most long lasting physical impact in many areas ; many communites called San or Santa started as missions
9
Q
Hernan Cortes
A
- 1485-1547
- spanish conquistadores who conquered the aztecs
10
Q
Francisco Pizarro
A
1478-1541
- spanish conquistadores who led the conquest of the incas
11
Q
Ronaoke Colony
A
- an attempt by sir walter ralegh to found the first permanent english settlement in north america
- ## 1584: sir walter ralegh established a resupply base for english privateers
12
Q
Compass
A
- tech innovation
- (arabs)
13
Q
Printing Press
A
- tech innovation
- (johannes guttenburg, c. 1440)
14
Q
Ferdinand and Isabella
A
- Isabelle of castille married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469, uniting Spain
- Ferdianand and Isabella’s daughters Maria and Catherine married the Kings of Portugal and England
15
Q
Protestant Reformation
A
- began in 1517 in Saxony when Martin Luther posted 95 Thesis
- the Holy Bible begins appearing in the vulgate; in 1522 in German, in 1526 in English, also in 1526 in Dutch, in 1530 in French, in 1569 in Spanish
- reformation spread quickly in northern Europe
