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Fall:OB/GYN > Key Terms: Test1 > Flashcards

Key Terms: Test1 Flashcards

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1
Q

external genitalia

A

also known as the vulva or the pudenum

consists of the mons pubis, labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening, and vestibule of the vagina

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2
Q

false pelvis

A

part of the pelvic cavity above the pelvic brim

False pelvis communicates with the abdominal cavity superiorily and with the pelvic cavity inferiorily

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3
Q

true pelvis

A

also known as the lesser or minor pelvis

cavity of the true pelvis is continuous at the pelvic brim with the cavity of the major pelvis

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4
Q

pelvic cavity

A

posterior wall formed by sacrum and coccyx

margins of the posterolateral wall-formed by the piriforms and coccygeus muscles

anterolateral walls-formed by hip bones and obturator internus muscles

lower margin-formed by levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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5
Q

coccygeus muscles

A

muscles that form the floor of the pelvis

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6
Q

iliacus muscles

A

paired muscles that form the lateral wall of the pelvis

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7
Q

ilipectineal line

A

bony ridge of the inner surface of the ilium and pubic bones

divides the true pelvis and the false pelvis

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8
Q

levator ani

A

pair of muscles that form the floor of the pelvis

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9
Q

obtuator internus muscle

A

triangular sheets of muscle that arise from the anterolateral pelvic wall and surround the obturator foramen

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10
Q

piriformis muscle

A

flat, triangular muscles that arise from the anterior sacrum and pass through the greater sciatic notch on the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

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11
Q

psoas major muscle

A

originate at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and descend inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewalls

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12
Q

striations

A

parallel longitudinal lines seen in muscle tissue

appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in the long axis of the hypoechoic muscle tissue

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13
Q

anteverted

A

position of the uterus

fundus is tipped slightly forward

most common

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14
Q

anteflexed

A

position of uterus

the fundus bends forward toward the cervix

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15
Q

broad ligament

A

broad fold of peritoneum draped over the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries

contain the uterine blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

cardinal ligament

A

wide bands of fibromuscular tissue arising from the lateral aspects of the cervix and inserting along the lateral pelvic floor

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17
Q

estrogen

A

hormone secreted by the theca interna and granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of female reproductive structures

promotes the growth of endometrial tissue during proliferative phase

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18
Q

mesosalpinx

A

upper portion of the broad ligament that covers the fallopian tubes

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19
Q

ovarian ligament

A

extends from the inferior and/or medial pole of the ovary to the uterine cornua

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20
Q

ovum

A

female egg released from the ovary during ovulation

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21
Q

perimetrium

A

serous membrane covering the uterus

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22
Q

progesterone

A

hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for arrival and implantation of an embryo

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23
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

area in the pelvic cavity between the rectum and the uterus that is likely to accumulate free fluid

also known as the pouch of Douglas

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24
Q

retroflexed

A

position of the uterus

fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix

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25
retroverted
position of the uterus entire uterus is tipped posteriorly so that the angle formed between the cervix and the vaginal canal is greater than 90o
26
round ligament
originate at the uterine cornua holds uterus forward in its anteverted position
27
space of retzius
between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis contains extraperitoneal fat
28
suspensory ligament
extend from the infundibulum of the fallopian tube and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
29
uterosacral ligament
posterior part of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum
30
vesicouterine pouch
area in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the uterus
31
corpus luteum
yellow body formed from the Graafian follicle after ovulation that produces estrogen and progesterone
32
amenorhhea
absense of menstruation
33
dysmenorrhea
pain with menstruation
34
FSH-follicle stimulating hormone
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary
35
gonadotropin
hormonal substance that stimulates the function of the testes and the ovaries
36
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
37
luteinizing hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland It stimulates ovulation and induces lutenization of the ruptured follicle to form corpus luteum
38
menarche
generally happens between 11 and 13 yrs of age marks the beginning of menstruation
39
menopause
cessation of menstruation
40
menses
flow of blood and cellular debris that occurs during menstruation
41
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods
42
oligomenorrhea
abnormally light menstrual periods
43
premenarche
time in young girls before they begin menstruating (physiologic status of prepuberty-the time before the onset of menses)
44
adenexa
structure or tissue next to or near another related structure
45
coronal plane
refers to a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior
46
endometrium
inner lining of the uterine cavity appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound , depending on the menstrual cycle
47
introitis
opening or entrance into a canal or cavity (ex. vagina)
48
myometrium
middle layer of the uterine cavity appears very homogenous on ultrasound
49
parity
number of live births
50
translabial
across, or through, the labia
51
transperineal
across, or through, the perineum
52
cornu
any hornlike projection refers to the fundus of the uterus, where the fallopian tube arises
53
arcuate vessels
small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus
54
internal os
inner surface of the cervical os
55
pourcelot resistive index
a doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak
56
proliferative phase early
days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it creates the three-line sign
57
proliferative phase late
days 10-14 of menstrual cycle endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity
58
pulsatility index
doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean
59
secretory phase
days 15-28 of menstrual cycle endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity, with posterior enhancement
60
sonohysterography
catheter filled with saline solution or contrast medium to fill the endometrial cavity to look for abnormalities in the cavity or uterine tubes
61
S/D ratio
the difference between peak systole and end diastole
62
cervical polyp
hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix may be broad-based or pedunculated
63
cervical stenosis
acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal
64
dysmenorrhea
pain associated with menstruation
65
ectocervix
portion of the canal of the uterine cervix that is lined with squamous epithelium
66
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that occurs outside the uterine cavity
67
gartner's duct cyst
small cyst within the vagina
68
nabothian cysts
benign tiny cysts within the cervix
69
squamous cell carcinoma
most common type of cervical cancer
70
adenomyosis
benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstrual bleeding
71
curettage
scraping with a curet to remove the contents of the uterus
72
metrorrhea
irregular, acyclic bleeding
73
intramural fibroid
most common type of leiomyoma deforms the myometrium
74
submucosal fibroid
type of leiomyoma found to deform the endometrial cavity and cause heavy or irregular menses
75
subserosal fibroid
type of leiomyoma that may become pedunculated and appear as an extrauterine mass
76
endometrial carcinoma
malignancy characterized by abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity ususall associated with irregular bleeding perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
77
endometrial hyperplasia
benign condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin frequent cause of bleeding
78
endometrial polyp
pedunculated or sessile well-defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity
79
endometriosis
condition that occurs when functioning endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus
80
hematometra
obstruction of the uterus and/or vagina characterized by an accumulation of blood
81
hydormetra
obstruction of the uterus and/or vagina characterized by an accumulation of fluid
82
pyometra
obstruction of the uterus and/or vagina characterized by an accumulation of pus
83
tamoxifen
an antiestrogen drug used in treating some breast carcinomas reported to cause growth in leiomyomas
84
androgen
substance that stimulates the development of male characteristics (testosterone and androsterone) the ovaries will synthesize some of these and convert them to estrogens
85
cystadenocarcinoma
malignant tumor that forms cysts
86
cystadenoma
benign adenoma containing cysts
87
corpus luteum cyst
small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen to prevent menses if fertilization occurs
88
dermoid tumor
benign tumor composed of hair, muscle, teeth, and fat
89
follicular cyst
benign cyst within the ovary that may occur and disappear on a cyclic basis
90
functional cyst
cyst that results from the normal function of the ovary
91
meigs syndrome
benign tumor of the ovary It is associated with ascites and pleural effusion
92
mucinous cystadenoma
benign tumor of the ovary it contains thin-walled multiocular cysts
93
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary it contains multiocular cysts
94
ovarian carcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary it may spread beyond the ovary and metastasize to other organs via the peritoneal channels
95
ovarian torsion
the partial or complete twisting of the ovarian pedicle on its axis
96
paraovarian cyst
account for about 10% of adnexal masses
97
polycystic ovarian syndrome
endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation (ovaries do not release an egg)
98
serous cystadenoma
2nd most common benign tumor of the ovary usually unilateral and smaller than mucinous cysts
99
serous cystadenocarcinoma
makes up 60-80% of all ovarian carcinomas smaller than mucinous cysts and may spread to the lymph nodes
100
theca-lutein cyst
largest of the functional cysts appear as very large, bilateral multioculated cystic masses associated with high HCG levels and hyperstimulation of the ovaries
101
chlamydia trachomatis
organism that causes a great variety of diseases including genital infections in men and women
102
endometrioma
localized tumor of endometriosis most often found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, rectovaginal septum, and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus
103
endometritis
infection of the endometrium of the uterus
104
hydrosalpinx
fluid in the fallopian tube
105
pyosalpinx
pus within the inflamed fallopian tube
106
myometritis
infection of the myometrium
107
oophoritis
infection of the ovary
108
parametritis
infection of the uterine serosa and broad ligaments
109
salpingitis
infection of the fallopian tubes
110
tubal ovarian abcess
infection of the fallopian tube and the ovary
111
embryo transfer
procedure done after IVF the fertilized ova are injected into the uterus through the cervix
112
ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer)
a type of IVF the fertilized eggs are transferred 24hrs later into the fallopian tubes
113
GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer)
sperm and egg are mixed together and then inserted into the fallopian tubes
114
IVF (in vitro fertilization)
type of fertilization done outside the body sperm and ova are fertilized in a dish and then transferred to the uterus 3-5 days later
115
OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome)
enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts usually seen in patients who have undergone ovulation induction
116
intrauterine insemination
semen is introduced into the vagina by mechanical or instrumental means instead of through sexual intercourse
117
ovulation induction therapy
controlled ovarian stimulation with chlomid or gonadotropins
118
Iuds-types
can cause PID
119
Transvaginal
observing inside the body through the vagina
120
probe disinfecting
transducer should be wiped clean with disinfectant then soaked in another disinfectant (most are now nonglutaraldehyde based-Cidex OPA) for 10-20min then rinsed with water
121
vaginal cuff
what is seen in hysterectomy patients after surgery usually no bigger than 2cm
122
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
term that includes all pelvic infections such as: endometritis, salpingitis, hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, tubo ovarian abscess)
123
germ cell ovarian cancer
derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad dysgerminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, transdermal sinus tumor
124
pedunculated fibroids
fibroid that hangs by a stalk
125
dextroverted/detroflexed
the entire uterus tilts to the right
126
endometrial polyps
pedunculated or sessile well defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity
127
uterine hyperplasia
abnormal thickening of the endometrial lining of the uterus
128
D & C
procedure to remove tissue from the inside of the uterus
129
didelphys uterus
uterine anomally consisting of 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vaginas
130
bicornate uterus
uterine anomally consisting of 2 uterus, 1 cervix, 1 vagina
131
septate uterus
two endometrial cavities without a fundal notch
132
T-shaped uterus
uterine anomally caused by the exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero
133
% of American couples who are infertile
Infertility affects approx 1 in 3 couples
134
segments of fallopian tubes
infundibulum ampulla isthmus interstitial portion
135
mullarien ducts
pair of ducts that give rise to the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper part of vagina anomalies cause didelphys uterus, bicornate uterus, septate uterus
136
three line sign
seen on ultrasound during the proliferative phase (functional and basal layers)
137
functional layer
part of the three line sign seen during the proliferative phase
138
basal layer
part of the three line sign seen during the proliferative phase
139
ovarian cycle
follicular phase follicle is released luteal phase

Fall:OB/GYN (5 decks)

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