key terms test 1

Question 1

acquired immunity/ passive

Answer 1

Resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source

Question 2

active immunity

Answer 2

Resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces it’s own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens

Question 3

acute infection

Answer 3

Sudden onset/ short duration

Question 4

airborne precautions

Answer 4

Methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns

Question 5

antibodies/immunoglobulins

Answer 5

Immunoglobulin part of the body’s plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections

Question 6

antigen

Answer 6

a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies

Question 7

asepsis

Answer 7

freedom from dz causing microorganisms

Question 8

antiseptic

Answer 8

agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms

Question 9

autoantigen

Answer 9

an antigen that originates in a person’s own body

Question 10

bacteria

Answer 10

Most common infection causing microorganisms.

Question 11

blood borne pathogen

Answer 11

microorganisms carried in blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat vital infections, namely, hep b, hep c and HIV

Question 12

body substance isolation

Answer 12

generic infection control precautions for all clients except those with dz transmitted through the air

Question 13

cell-mediated defenses/ cellular immunity

Answer 13

occur through the Tcell system

Question 14

chronic infection

Answer 14

Longer onset/ duration lasting months or years

Question 15

circulating immunity/ humoral immunity

Answer 15

antibody mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by the antibodies produced by B cells

Question 16

colonization

Answer 16

Is the process by which stains of microorganisms become resident flora

Question 17

contact precautions

Answer 17

methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the clients environment

Question 18

disease

Answer 18

detectable alteration in normal tissue fuctional

Question 19

disinfectants

Answer 19

agents that destroy pathogens other than spores

Question 20

droplet nuclei

Answer 20

residue of evaporated droplets that remains in the air for long periods of time

Question 21

droplet precaustions

Answer 21

reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns

Question 22

exudate

Answer 22

material ie fluid and cells that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces

Question 23

fungi

Answer 23

Infection causing microorganisms that include yeast and molds

Question 24

health care-associated infection

Answer 24

(nosocomial infection) infections gotten in a hospital

Question 25

hyperemia

Answer 25

increased blood flow to a certain area

Question 26

iatrogenic infections

Answer 26

dz caused by medical therapy

Question 27

isolation

Answer 27

practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable dz

Question 28

leukocytosis

Answer 28

increase in the number of WBC

Question 29

nonspecific defenses

Answer 29

bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms regardless of prior exposure

Question 30

infection

Answer 30

invasion of microorganism of body tissue

Question 31

opportunistic pathogen

Answer 31

microorganism causing dz only in a susceptible person

Question 32

parasites

Answer 32

Infection causing that live on other living organisms

Question 33

resident flora

Answer 33

microorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membrane and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract

Question 34

pathogenicity

Answer 34

ability to produce dz

Question 35

potency

Answer 35

inherent capacity for growth and reproduction

Question 36

specific defenses

Answer 36

immune functions directed against identifiable viruses, bacteria, fungi or other infectious agents

Question 37

sterilization

Answer 37

process that destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses

Question 38

reservoirs

Answer 38

Source of microorganisms

Question 39

universal precautions

Answer 39

techniques used to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens

Question 40

vector-borne transmission

Answer 40

transporting an infectious agent into a host through a portal of entry

Question 41

sepsis

Answer 41

State of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock

Question 42

septicemia

Answer 42

Occurs when bacteremia (culture of someone's blood reveals microorganisms) results in systemic infection

Question 43

systemic infection

Answer 43

Spread and damage of different parts of the body

Question 44

virus

Answer 44

Consist f nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce

Question 45

virulence

Answer 45

ability to produce DZ