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N112 > Key Terms- PHARM > Flashcards

Key Terms- PHARM Flashcards

1
Q

process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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2
Q

undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect of a drug

A

Adverse drug reactions

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3
Q

immune system response that occurs when the body interprets an administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug

A

Allergic effect

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4
Q

glass flask containing a single dose of medication for parenteral administration

A

Ampule

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5
Q

severe reaction occurring immediately after exposure to a drug; characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse

A

Anaphylactic reaction/Anaphylaxis

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6
Q

The portion of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and can act on the cells is called the drug’s ____________.

A

Bioavailability

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7
Q

movement of drugs by the circulatory system to the site of action

A

Distribution

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8
Q

tendency of the body to become accustomed to a drug over time; larger doses are required to produce the desired effects

A

Drug tolerance

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9
Q

study of the effect of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medication, especially drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion

A

Ethnopharmacology

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10
Q

removal of a drug from the body

A

Excretion

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11
Q

name assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it is often derived from the chemical name

A

Generic name

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12
Q

the amount of time it takes for half a dose of a drug to be eliminated from the body

A

Half-life

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13
Q

unusual, unexpected response to a drug that may manifest itself by overresponse, underresponse, or response different from the expected outcome

A

Idiosyncratic effect

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14
Q

(1) act of breathing in; synonym for inspiration; (2) administration of a drug in solution via the respiratory tract

A

Inhalation

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15
Q

injection placed just below the epidermis

A

Intradermal injection

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16
Q

an injection into deep muscle tissue, usually of the buttock, thigh, or upper arm

A

Intramuscular (IM) injection

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17
Q

injection of a solution into the vein

A

Intravenous (IV) route

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18
Q

process of creating an accurate list of all medications a patient is taking, including drug name, dosage, frequency, and route, and comparing the list to the physician’s admission, transfer, or discharge orders, with the goal of providing correct medications to the patient at all transition points within the hospital

A

Medication reconciliation

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19
Q

(1) chemical changes in the body by which energy is provided; (2) breakdown of a drug to an inactive form; also referred to as biotransformation

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

popularly used to refer to injection routes

A

Parenteral

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21
Q

highest plasma concentration of a drug

A

Peak level

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22
Q

process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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23
Q

the study of how genetic variation affects an individual’s response to drugs

A

Pharmacogenetics

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24
Q

use of information about a person’s genetic makeup, or genome, to choose the drugs and drug doses that are likely to work best for that person

A

Pharmacogenomics

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25
Q

movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

A

Pharmacokinetics

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26
Q

study of actions of chemicals on living organisms

A

Pharmacology

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27
Q

dynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect of the drug without causing other undesirable effects

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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28
Q

intermittent IV administration of medications through a primary IV line, with the additive container positioned higher than the primary IV solution

A

Piggyback infusion

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29
Q

Latin word meaning, “I shall please”; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it

A

Placebo

30
Q

“as needed” order for medication

A

PRN order

31
Q

single order carried out immediately

A

Stat order

32
Q

injection into the subcutaneous tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle

A

Subcutaneous injection

33
Q

combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each drug alone

A

Synergistic effect

34
Q

known to have potential to cause develop- mental defects in the embryo or fetus

A

Teratogenic

35
Q

that concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

A

Therapeutic range

36
Q

application of a substance directly to a body surface

A

Topical application

37
Q

specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death

A

Toxic effects (toxicities)

38
Q

drug name selected and trademarked by the company marketing the drug; also called brand name or proprietary name

A

Trade name

39
Q

the point when a drug is at its lowest concentration

A

Trough level

40
Q

glass bottle with self-sealing stopper through which medication is removed; may be single or multiple dose

A

Vial

41
Q

technique used to administer medications intra- muscularly that ensures that the medication does not leak back along the needle track and into the subcutaneous tis-sue, reducing pain and discomfort

A

Z-track technique

42
Q

process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated

A

Absorption

43
Q

drug that produces effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances

A

Agonist

44
Q

drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites

A

Antagonist

45
Q

substance that relieves, prevents, or counteracts the effect of a poison

A

Antidote

46
Q

process that may involve manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA] and ribonucleic acid (RNA] and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (often Escherichia coli bacteria) and repeatedly reproduced

A

Biotechnology

47
Q

manufacturer’s chosen name for a drug, which is protected by a patent

A

Brand (trade) name

48
Q

drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse; also known as scheduled drugs

A

Controlled substances

49
Q

groups of medications that are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics

A

Drug classifications

50
Q

chemical or official name of the drug that is independent of the manufacturer and often indicates the drug group

A

Generic name

51
Q

medications available for purchase without a prescription

A

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

52
Q

costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage, administration, and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient responses; also considers losses due to expiration

A

Pharmacoeconomics

53
Q

study of how a person’s genetic heritage leads to variable responses to drugs; more generally refers to genetic polymorphisms that occur in a patient population, such as an ethnic group, as opposed to an individual person

A

Pharmacogenomics (also known as pharmacogenetics)

54
Q

use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes

A

Pharmacotherapy

55
Q

inert substance containing no medication and given to reinforce a person’s expectation to improve

A

Placebo

56
Q

medications that are ordered in writing by a licensed health care provider

A

Prescription drugs

57
Q

often the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed; usually the standard against which newer, similar drugs are compared

A

Prototype

58
Q

collection of patient data that affects drug therapy

A

Assessment

59
Q

oral tablet or capsule formulations that maintain consistent serum drug levels

A

Controlled-release

60
Q

form in which drugs are manufactured; includes elixirs, tablets, capsules, suppositories, parenteral drugs, and transdermal systems

A

Dosage form

61
Q

coating of a tablet or capsule that makes it insoluble in stomach acid

A

Enteric-coated

62
Q

determining a patient’s status in relation to stated goals and expected outcomes

A

Evaluation

63
Q

scientific evidence that yields the best practice in patient care

A

Evidence-based practice

64
Q

planned nursing activities performed on a patient’s behalf, including assessment, promotion of adherence to drug therapy, and solving problems related to drug therapy

A

Interventions

65
Q

list of prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, or illegal substances taken by the patient (both current and past)

A

Medication history

66
Q

description of patient problems based on assessment data

A

Nursing diagnosis

67
Q

systematic way of gathering and using information to plan and provide individualized patient care

A

Nursing process

68
Q

injected administration; subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route

A

Parenteral

69
Q

expected outcomes of prescribed drug therapy

A

Planning/goals

70
Q

assist to ensure accuracy in drug therapy; rights include right drug, right dose, right patient, right assessment, right route, right time, right reason, right documentation, right patient education, right evaluation, and right to refuse the medication

A

Rights of medication administration

71
Q

application of drugs (e.g., solutions, ointments, creams, or suppositories) to skin or mucous membranes

A

Topical

72
Q

adsorption of drugs (e.g., skin patches] through the skin

A

Transdermal

N112 (13 decks)

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