KEY TERMS (GILBERT)

Question 1

Cardiovascular drift

Answer 1

Occurs during steady state exercise, a DECREASE in Stroke Volu,e and Blood Volume and a rise in Heart Rate. Will occur after around 5-10 mins of exercise in a warm/neutral environment Without an increase in workload

Question 2

Starlings Law

Answer 2

Increased venous return = a greater filling of heart = cardiac muscle (heart) to stretch and get bigger AKA hypertrophy = bigger force of contraction = increased ejection fraction (measure of how much blood leaves the heart so a higher % of ejection fraction the more blood leaving the left ventricle in each heartbeat)

Question 3

Stroke volume

Answer 3

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart ventricles in Each Contraction. Resting SV is 70ml.
Stroke volume can depend on - Venous return, Bradycadia and Cardiac Output

Question 4

Venous return

Answer 4

Volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins. If Venous Return increases then Stroke Volume increases (more blood enters then more blood goes out)

Question 5

Cardiac Output

Answer 5

Volume of blood being pumped out the heart ventricle PER MINUTE

Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate

Question 6

Heart Rate

Answer 6

Number of times a heart beats per minute. Average = 72 Beats Per Minute

Question 7

Anticipatory Rise

Answer 7

Anticipatory rise is the body’s response for the need to prepare for exercise. The body subconsciously rises Heart rate before exercise even starts. The brain knows it’s about to exercise and sends signals in the form of Adrenaline, noradrenaline. On a graph you can see anticipatory rise as a quick short rise in Heart Rate

Question 8

Frank-starling mechanism

Answer 8

The greater the stretch of the cardiac fibres, the greater the force of contraction which increases stroke volume