Key terms from Chapter 1

Question 0

Definition of cell theory

Answer 0

The widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

Question 1

Definition of Cell

Answer 1

The basic unit and structure and function of all living things

Question 2

Definition of organelle

Answer 2

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within a cell

Question 3

Definition of cell wall

Answer 3

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

Question 4

Definition of cell membrane

Answer 4

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

Question 5

Definition of nucleus

Answer 5

A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all cells activities.

Question 6

Definition of cytoplasm

Answer 6

The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the membrane.

Question 7

Definition of mitochondria

Answer 7

A rod shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

Question 8

Definition of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways I which proteins and other materials are carries from one part of the cell to another

Question 9

Definition of ribosome

Answer 9

A small grain like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made

Question 10

Definition of Golgi body

Answer 10

A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell

Question 11

Definition of chloroplast

Answer 11

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food

Question 12

Definition of vacuole

Answer 12

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

Question 13

Definition of lysosome

Answer 13

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down the food particles into smaller ones

Question 14

Definition of element

Answer 14

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Question 15

Definition of compound

Answer 15

When two or more elements combine chemically

Question 16

Definition of carbohydrate

Answer 16

An energy rich compound made of the elements carbon,hydrogen and oxygen

Question 17

Definition of lipids

Answer 17

Are energy rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 18

Definition of proteins

Answer 18

Large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Question 19

Definition of enzyme

Answer 19

A type of protein that speeds up the chemical reaction in a living thing

Question 20

Definition of nucleic acids

Answer 20

A very long organic molecule made if carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 21

Definition of DNA

Answer 21

The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

Question 22

Definition of RNA

Answer 22

Ribonucleic acid that plays an important part in the production of proteins

Question 23

Definition of selectively permeable

Answer 23

( cell membrane is)

That some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot

Question 24

Definition of diffusion

Answer 24

( the main method by which small molecules move from the membrane)

Is the process by which molecules move from one area of high con. to a lower area of con.

Question 25

Definition is osmosis

Answer 25

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 26

Definition of passive transport

Answer 26

The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy

Question 27

Definition of active transport

Answer 27

The movement of materials through a cell using energy