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REL 103: Prophetic Religions of the West > KEY TERMS: Christianity > Flashcards

KEY TERMS: Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

Abba

A

Aramaic term for “father” used by Jesus in addressing God.

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2
Q

Advent

A

Season of the Christian church year before the celebration of Christmas.

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3
Q

Apostles’ Creed

A

Statement of faith dating from the second century C.E., universally accepted by Christians.

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4
Q

Arianism

A

A teaching advocated by the priest Arius and his followers that Christ was created in time as the Son of God; this teaching was rejected by the Council of Nicea.

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5
Q

atonement

A

Doctrine of how humans are forgiven and reconciled to God through Christ’s work.

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6
Q

Augustine

A

Leading theologian (354-430) in the early Christian church; bishop of Hippo in North Africa.

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7
Q

baptism

A

Ritual of initiation into the Christian church through washing of water, viewed as a sacrament by many.

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8
Q

Bible

A

sacred scripture for Christians, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament.

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9
Q

canon

A

A standard; refers to the accepted writings that make up the Bible and to other church standards such as canon law.

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10
Q

catholic

A

“Universal,” pertaining to the entirety of the Christian church; also designates more specific bodies, such as the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and others.

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11
Q

Christ

A

Greek title meaning “anointed one” from Hebrew “messiah,” applied to Jesus of Nazareth by his followers.

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12
Q

Christmas

A

See “Feast of the Nativity.”

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13
Q

Christology

A

Doctrine about the nature and role of Christ.

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14
Q

church

A

The community of all Christians; also specific groups, congregations, and buildings used for worship.

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15
Q

clergy

A

Ordained church leaders; in the early Christian church, bishops were appointed as overseers, assisted by presbyters (priests) and deacons, and similar clergy roles have continued to the present day, with many variants in the different churches and denominations.

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16
Q

confirmation

A

Ritual of reaffirming vows taken in baptism; considered a sacrament to some.

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17
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor (273-337) who legalized and promoted Christianity.

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18
Q

Council of Nicea

A

First great church council, convened in 325 to settle disputes about the nature of Christ.

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19
Q

Council of Trent

A

Council convened by the pope in 1545 to reform the church and oppose the actions of the Protestants.

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20
Q

crusades

A

Attempts by Christians of western Europe to recapture the Holy land by force.

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21
Q

denomination

A

Church organization consisting of a number of congregations, having autonomous structure and usually distinctive teachings, especially within Protestantism.

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22
Q

Docetism

A

Teaching by some in the early church that Christ only appeared to be human; this teaching eventually was rejected by church councils.

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23
Q

Easter

A

Festival celebrating the resurrection of Christ.

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24
Q

ecumenical movement

A

Modern movement to achieve understanding, cooperation and some form of unity between the various branches of Christianity.

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25
Q

Epiphany

A

Season after Christmas emphasizing the “showing forth” of Christ to the world; some Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate the nativity of Christ during this time.

26
Q

eschatology

A

Doctrine about the last things: the end of the world, judgement day, consummation of God’s plan.

27
Q

Eucharist

A

Principal Christian sacrament, using bread and wine as a reenactment or remembrance of Christ’s last supper; also called Mass, Lord’s Supper, Divine Liturgy, and Holy Communion.

28
Q

Feast of the Nativity

A

Celebration of the birthday of Jesus; Christians of the Western churches celebrate this on December 25, while some Eastern Orthodox Christians observe this feast on January 6.

29
Q

Fundamentalism

A

In Christianity, a movement by conservative Protestants to reject modernity in Christianity, advocating the literal inerrancy of scripture and strict adherence to traditional doctrine and morality.

30
Q

Gnosticism

A

Movement in the Hellenistic world that emphasized a secret knowledge about God and the world, holding to a dualism of spirit and matter.

31
Q

gospels

A

Writings compiled in the early church proclaiming the story of Jesus’ life and death; the four canonical gospels are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

32
Q

grace

A

Theological term meaning reception of spiritual goals as given by God rather than attained by one’s own effort.

33
Q

great commission

A

Commision given by Christ to his disciples to go and “make disciples” of all nations.

34
Q

incarnation

A

“Becoming flesh”; especially the Christian teaching that the eternal Son of God became human in the womb of his mother Mary.

35
Q

judgement day

A

The day on which god will judge all according to their faith and their deeds.

36
Q

justification by faith

A

Doctrine that justification before God comes by faith, not by good works; a central emphasis of Martin Luther.

37
Q

Kingdom of God

A

The rule of God; proclaimed by Jesus as a present reality, yet to be manifested in the future.

38
Q

Lent

A

Christian season of penitence in preparation for the Easter celebration.

39
Q

liturgy

A

Order of prayer, scripture readings, hymns, and exhortations followed in a worship service.

40
Q

mass

A

Roman Catholic term for the Eucharistic service.

41
Q

Messiah

A

end-time king, descended from King David, expected to redeem Israel; Christians identified the messiah (Greek christos) with Jesus.

42
Q

monasticism

A

The way of life of monks and nuns, usually celibate, without personal possessions, and dedicated to meditation, prayer, study, and service.

43
Q

Nicene Creed

A

Doctrinal formulation from the Council of Nicea, setting forth the orthodox understanding of the Trinity.

44
Q

Old Testament

A

Christian designation for the Hebrew scriptures.

45
Q

original sin

A

Teachings that all humans share a basic condition of sinfulness.

46
Q

Orthodox Church

A

Term referring to the historic Eastern Christian churches, including the Greek, Russian, Armenian, and other traditions.

47
Q

parables

A

Stories by which Jesus taught his disciples about the Kingdom of God.

48
Q

passion story

A

The climax of each of the four Gospels, telling of the suffering and crucifixion of Jesus.

49
Q

Paul

A

Leading apostle who brought the gospel of Christ to non-Jews and whose letters form part of the New Testament.

50
Q

Pentecost

A

Festival approximately seven months after Easter, celebrating the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the early Christians.

51
Q

pietism

A

A reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment, emphasizing the experience of God’s grace and emotional dedication.

52
Q

plan of salvation

A

God’s design for the salvation of the world, foretold through prophets and accomplished through Jesus Christ.

53
Q

Protestantism

A

Broad designation for the main churches of the Reformation.

54
Q

Reformation

A

Reform movements in the Christian church, especially the reform of the European church through the work of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and others.

55
Q

resurrection

A

Rising from the dead; in Christian belief, Christ’s resurrection as the first fruit of the resurrection of all at the end of the world.

56
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A

The historic Western church as it has continued under the leadership of the pope, the bishop of Rome.

57
Q

sacraments

A

Rituals that convey God’s grace, such as baptism and the Eucharist.

58
Q

soteriology

A

Theory of salvation through Jesus Christ.

59
Q

theology

A

thinking about God and God’s work.

60
Q

Trinity

A

The doctrine that the one God is revealed in three “persons”–Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

REL 103: Prophetic Religions of the West (4 decks)

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