Key Terms - Ch 10

Question 0

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Answer 0

Collection of less serious opportunistic infections with HIV infection; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less severe than in fully developed AIDS

Question 1

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 1

Collection of opportunistic infections and cancers that occurs when the immune system is severely depressed by a decrease in the number of functioning T cells; caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 2

CCRS coreceptor antagonist

Answer 2

A drug that blocks the receptor site the HIV virus needs to interact with in order to enter the cell

Question 3

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 3

DNA virus that accounts for many respiratory, opthalmic, and liver infections

Question 4

Fusion inhibitor

Answer 4

A drug that prevents the fusion of the HIV-1 virus with the human cellular membrane, preventing it from entering the cell

Question 5

Helper T cell

Answer 5

Human lymphocyte that helps to initiate immune reactions in response to tissue invasion

Question 6

Hepatitis B

Answer 6

A serious to potentially fatal viral infection of the liver, transmitted by body fluids

Question 7

Herpes

Answer 7

DNA virus that accounts for many disease, including shingles, cold sores, genital herpes, and encephalitis

Question 8

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 8

Retrovirus that attacks helper T cells, leading to a decrease in immune function and AIDS or ARC

Question 9

Influenza

Answer 9

RNA virus that invades tissues of the respiratory tract, causing the signs and symptoms of the common cold or “flu”

Question 10

Integrase inhibitor

Answer 10

A drug that inhibits the activity of the virus-specific enzyme integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication; blocking this enzyme prevents the formation of the HIV-1 provirus

Question 11

Interferon

Answer 11

Tissue hormone that is released in response to viral invasion; blocks viral replication

Question 12

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 12

Drugs that bind to sites on the reverse transcriptase, preventing RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities needed to carry out the viral DNA synthesis; prevents the transfer of information that allows the virus to replicate and survive

Question 13

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 13

Drugs that prevent the growth of the viral DNA chain, preventing it from inserting into the host DNA, so viral replication cannot occur

Question 14

Protease inhibitors

Answer 14

Drugs that block the activity of the enzyme protease in HIV; protease is essential for the maturation of infectious virus, and its absence leads to the formation of an immature and noninfective HIV particle

Question 15

Virus

Answer 15

Particle of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat that survives by invading a cell to alter its functioning