Key Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Capacity (2)
A
- The measure of how much informationn can be held in memory
- STM has a capacity of 7 +- 2 items
2
Q
Phonological Loop (2)
A
- Codes speech sounds in working memory
- Typically involving maintainence rehersal
3
Q
Episodic Buffer (4)
A
- An extra storage system with limited capacity
- That temporarily holds information
- That relates to both visual and acoustic information
- Before sending the info to LTM
4
Q
Key Term
Episodic Memory (3)
A
- Personal memories of events
- E.g. a teacher you liked/an old birthday party
- Specific details, context and emotion make up an episodic memory
5
Q
Anxiety (3)
A
- An unpleasant emotional state of arousal
- That is often accompanied by increased heart rate
- And rapid breathing
6
Q
Key Term
Procedural Memory (3)
A
- Memory of how to do things
- E.g. riding a bike/tying shoelaces
- Such memories are automatic as a result of repeated practice
7
Q
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad (4)
A
- Codes visual information
- In terms of seperate objects
- As well as the arrangement of these objects
- In one’s vision field
8
Q
Leading Questions (3)
A
- A question that, either by form or content
- Suggests to the witness what answer is desired
- Or leads him/her to the desired answer
9
Q
Interference (3)
A
- An explaination for forgetting
- In terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another
- Most likely to occur when the two memories have some similarity
10
Q
Eyewitness Testemony (3)
A
- The evidence provided in court
- By a person who witnessed a crime
- With a view to identifying the perpetrator
11
Q
Key Term
Semantic Memory (3)
A
- Shared memories for facts and knowledge
- May be concrete, e.g. Paris = Capital of France
- Or abstract, e.g. Language
12
Q
Sensory Register (5)
A
- The place where information from the senses is held
- This info is either discarded or moved to short term memory (through attention)
- Coding is modality specific
- Duration is very short (milliseconds)
- Capacity is very large
13
Q
Retroactive Interference (2)
A
- When current attempts to learn something
- Interfere with past learning
14
Q
Duration (3)
A
- How long a memory lasts
- Before it is no longer avaliable
- LTM has a potentially unlimited duration
15
Q
Retrieval Failure (3)
A
- An explaination for forgetting
- Whereby an absence of cues
- Means a memory is available but not accesible
16
Q
Coding (2)
A
- The way information is stored in memory
- SR coding is modality specific while STM is primarily acoustic coding
17
Q
Multi-Store Model (4)
A
- An explaination of memory
- Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin
- Based on 3 seperate memory stores (SR, STM, LTM)
- And how information is transferred between them
18
Q
Long Term Memory (5)
A
- The place where information ends up
- This info is either held or moved back to short term memory (through retrieval)
- Coding is semantic
- Duration is unlimited
- Capacity is unlimited
19
Q
Short Term Memory (5)
A
- The place where information is held to do immediate tasks
- This info is either discarded or moved to long term memory (through rehearsal)
- Coding is primarily acoustic
- Duration is short (18-30s)
- Capacity is limited (7 +/-2)
20
Q
Proactive Interference (2)
A
- When past learning
- Interferes with current attempts to learn something
21
Q
Central Executive (2)
A
- The monitor and co-ordinator
- Of all other mental functions in working memory
22
Q
Post-event discussion (3)
A
- Conversations
- Which may contaminate a witness’ memory of a crime
- As they contain different information & POV
23
Q
Misleading Information (2)
A
- Supplying information
- That may lead a witness’ memory of a crime to be altered
24
Q
Cues (3)
A
- A reminder
- Which may or may not be meaningfully linked to the material to be remembered
- E.g. environmental cues (e.g. a room) / mental state cue (e.g. drunk)
25
Q
Working Memory Model (3)
A
- A model of the short term memory
- Created by Baddeley and Hitch
- Consisting of the phonological loop, visio spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and central executive
