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Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Arch

A

Combines the function of a beam and a column

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2
Q

Attitude

A

Vertical or horizontal orientation

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3
Q

Axial Load

A

A load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section

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4
Q

Bar Joist

A

Lightweight steel truss joint

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5
Q

Beam

A

A structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points

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6
Q

Bent

A

A line of columns in any direction

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7
Q

Braced Frame

A

A structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against lateral wind and earthquake loads

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8
Q

Bracket

A

Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever

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9
Q

Brick & Block Composite Wall

A

Consists of an exterior wythe of brick directly mortared or parged to an inner wythe of concrete masonry unit (CMU)

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10
Q

BTU

A

British thermal unit: the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree at the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 60 degrees

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11
Q

Built-up Girder

A

Made of steel plates and angles riveted together

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12
Q

Buttress

A

Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it

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13
Q

Caloric Value

A

Measure in BTU; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree

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14
Q

Camber

A

Upward rise

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15
Q

Cantilever Beam

A

A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at that end

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16
Q

Cantilevered

A

Type of construction in which an overhang is supported from only one end where the floor extends beyond and over a foundation wall

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17
Q

Cavity or Hollow Wall

A

Wall built of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation

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18
Q

Centroid

A

Center point at which a body would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity

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19
Q

Chord

A

The outside members (top and bottom) of a truss, as opposed to the inner “webbed members”

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20
Q

Column

A

A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member

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21
Q

Composite

A

Built up of different parts, pieces, or materials

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22
Q

Composite Wall

A

A wall composed of two or more masonry materials that react together under load

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23
Q

Compression

A

Direct pushing force, in line with the axis member; the opposite of tension

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24
Q

Concentrated Load

A

A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load

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25
Q

Continuous Beam

A

A beam supported at three or more points

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26
Q

Core Construction

A

No external braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure

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27
Q

Cross wall

A

Any wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another

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28
Q

Dead Load

A

Weight of a building; the dead load consists of the weight of all materials of constructions incorporated into a building, including but not limited to walls, floor, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, as well as fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes

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29
Q

Deflection

A

The deformation or displacement of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it

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30
Q

Demising Wall

A

Wall bounding a tenant space

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31
Q

Diaphragm Floor

A

A floor designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes

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32
Q

Eccentric Load

A

A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center of the section

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33
Q

Fire cut

A

The end of a joist that is cut at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of a wall without damaging the load-bearing wall

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34
Q

Fire load

A

The potential fuel available for a fire in a building

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35
Q

Fire resistance

A

The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire

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36
Q

Fire wall

A

Wall with a fire-resistive rating and structural stability that separates buildings or subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire

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37
Q

Fixed beam

A

Beam supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points

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38
Q

Flitch plate girder

A

Made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams

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39
Q

Foundation

A

Lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level

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40
Q

Gang nail

A

Another name for a gusset plate in a lightweight wood truss

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41
Q

Girder

A

A beam that supports other beams

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42
Q

Gravity connection

A

A connection that depends on the weight of the building to hold it in place

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43
Q

Gravity resistance system

A

All of the structural elements of a building and the connections that support and transfer the loads

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44
Q

Grillage

A

A series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load

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45
Q

Gusset plate

A

Connecting plate made of thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of the truss

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46
Q

Header

A

Masonry unit that overlaps two or more adjoining wythes of masonry to tie them together

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47
Q

Heat release rate (HRR)

A

Rate at which the potential heat in a fuel is released

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48
Q

Homogeneous

A

When describing wall construction, a wall that acts as one unit

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49
Q

Hurricane bracing

A

Components of a hurricane resistance system that prevent uplift of the components of a structure

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50
Q

Impact load

A

Effect of moving a load upon a stationary structure

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51
Q

Inverted king post truss

A

A truss incorporating a single compression member; it is inverted because the compression member extends downward

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52
Q

Joist

A

A beam

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53
Q

K-bracing

A

an arrangement of braces between columns that resembles the letter “K”

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54
Q

Kilojoule (kJ)

A

Metric unit approximately equivalent to one btu

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55
Q

Kilowatt (KW)

A

A unit for measuring the energy release rate of fire

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56
Q

KIP

A

one thousand pounds force

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57
Q

Knee wall

A

A wall typically found in the top floor of a wood-frame home with a peaked roof

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58
Q

Lateral impact load

A

Force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction, such as wind or seismic forces

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59
Q

Ledger board

A

A wood board typically attached to a wall’s studs that is used to support wood joists

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60
Q

Lightweight truss

A

A collection of lightweight structural components joined in triangular unit that can be used to support either floors or roofs

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61
Q

Lintel

A

The horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it

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62
Q

Live load

A

The weight of the building contents

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63
Q

Load

A

Force or other action that results from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes

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64
Q

Load-bearing wall

A

Any wall that carries a load in addition to its own weight

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65
Q

Megastructure

A

A very large structure

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66
Q

Megawatt (MW)

A

Unit for measuring the energy release rate of fire

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67
Q

Moment

A

Tendency of a force to rotate or twist a structural member

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68
Q

Moment frame

A

Structural system that utilizes special “moment” connections between columns and beams to resist rotation due to lateral loads such as earthquakes and wind

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69
Q

Monolithic concrete

A

A construction technique in which all successive poured concrete castings are joined together so that the structure seems to be like one piece of stone

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70
Q

Needle beam

A

When any change is to be made in the foundation of an existing wall, the wall must be supported. Often holes are cut through the wall, and so called needle beams are inserted and supported on both sides. They pick up the load of the walls

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71
Q

Neutral Axis

A

Line along which the length of the beam does not change

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72
Q

Non-load bearing wall

A

A wall supporting no load other than its own weight

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73
Q

Overhanging beam

A

A beam that projects beyond it support, but not far enough to be a cantilever

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74
Q

Panel points

A

Connection points joining ties, struts, and chords in a truss

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75
Q

Panel Wall (curtain wall)

A

Non-load bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings

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76
Q

Parallel-chord truss

A

A truss in which both the upper and lower chords are parallel to each other

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77
Q

Partition wall

A

A non-load bearing wall that subdivides spaces within any story of a building or room

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78
Q

Party wall

A

A load-bearing wall that is common to two structures

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79
Q

Pier

A

A short column of masonry, usually rectangular in horizontal cross section, used to support other structural members

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80
Q

Pilaster

A

A masonry column projecting from or both faces of the wall in which it is located

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81
Q

Pinned

A

A description for structural elements that are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints

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82
Q

Plastic design

A

Design based on connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building

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83
Q

Portal bracing

A

Heavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the fram

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84
Q

Precast

A

Concrete member that is cast and cured in place other than its final position in the structure

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85
Q

Precast concrete tilt slab wall

A

Type of wall that acts as a vertical cantilever when it is being erected and is braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles

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86
Q

Q

A

A designation of HRR; refers to the rate at which a fuel will burn

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87
Q

Queen post truss

A

A truss with two compression members

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88
Q

Rakers

A

Diagonal bracing columns

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89
Q

Reaction

A

The response in structures to the imposed loads, which are generally developed at the supports

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90
Q

Reinforced concrete

A

Steel reinforcement that is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces

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91
Q

Repeated Load

A

A load that is applied intermittently

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92
Q

Rigid frame

A

Structural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected

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93
Q

Rising roof

A

Differences in moisture levels between the upper and lower wood truss chords cause the truss to bend and create a rise in the roof

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94
Q

Rubble masonry wall

A

A wall composed of inner and outer wythes of coursed masonry. Such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust

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95
Q

Safety factor

A

The ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress

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96
Q

Sand-lime mortar

A

Water-soluble mixture used in the past as mortar; when a water is applied, the mortar can be washed away from the wall

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97
Q

Self-releasing floor

A

Type of floor in which floor girders are set on anchor boxes in walls and caps attached to columns. A wood cleat or steel dog-rion similar to a big staple is used to provide minimal stability. often used in heavy-timber construction

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98
Q

Self-weight

A

Another term for dead load

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99
Q

Serpentine wall

A

A curving wall

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100
Q

Shear

A

Forces occurring within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions

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101
Q

Shear wall

A

A wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes

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102
Q

Simple beam

A

A beam supported at two points near its ends. in simple beam construction, the load is delivered to the two reaction points and the rest of the structure renders no assistance in an overload

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103
Q

Spaceframe

A

Three dimensional pyramid-like truss

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104
Q

Spandrel girder

A

Girder that ties wall columns together in a framed building

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105
Q

Steel joist

A

An open web design used for the support of floors and roofs

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106
Q

Stiffness

A

The capacity of a member or framework to resist imposed loads without excessive deflection

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107
Q

Strain

A

The actual percentage of elongation (deformation) when material is stressed

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108
Q

Stretcher

A

A masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall

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109
Q

Structural elements

A

Components of a structure that include beams, trusses, columns, arches, and walls

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110
Q

Structural frame

A

All members of a structure that are tied together to carry the imposed loads to the substructure, and hence to the ground

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111
Q

Strut

A

A bracing column

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112
Q

Suspended beam

A

A simple beam, with one or both ends suspended on a tension member such as a chain, cable, or rod

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113
Q

Suspended load

A

A hanging load supported from above

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114
Q

Tension

A

A pulling or stretching force in line with the axis of the body; the opposite of compression, which is pushing, crushing stress

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115
Q

Tie

A

The tensile connecting members of a truss web

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116
Q

Tie rod

A

A rod in tension; used to hold parts of a structure together

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117
Q

Torque

A

The measurable turning force applied to a structural member

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118
Q

Torsion

A

A force tending to twist a structural member

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119
Q

Transfer beam

A

A beam that typically carries a load around a large opening or over an area in order to avoid intervening columns

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120
Q

Transmission

A

The manner in which a load is spread from the pint of application to the ground

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121
Q

Triangular truss

A

A roof truss that is triangular in shape; it is used to create a peaked roof

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122
Q

Truss

A

A type of beam that is framed a structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension or compression) in the members

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123
Q

Tube construction

A

Externally braced structure

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124
Q

Ultimate strength

A

The highest load that a member or structure can sustain before failure occurs

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125
Q

Uniformly distributed load

A

A load that is applied evenly over an area

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126
Q

Veneer wall

A

Wall made up of a single vertical thickness of masonry that is designed to improve the exterior appearance of a building

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127
Q

Vierendeel Truss

A

A rectangular truss with very rigid corner bracing

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128
Q

Voussoir

A

A wedge shaped block whose converging sides radiate from a center, forming an element of an arch or vaulted cieling

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129
Q

Wall

A

A structural element that transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top or received at any point on the wall

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130
Q

Wall column

A

A column of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry in a block wall. Concentrated loads such as main girders are applied to the wall directly above the wall column

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131
Q

Watt (W)

A

A unit for measuring the energy release rate of a fire

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132
Q

Web

A

The group of struts, ties, and panel points in a truss

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133
Q

Weep hole

A

A drainage hole in a masonry wall that allows water trapped inside the wall to escape

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134
Q

Wet joint

A

Cast in place concrete that unites the rods projecting from precast section

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135
Q

Wind load

A

Positive or negative force of the wind acting on a structure

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136
Q

Wythe

A

A single continuous vertical wall of masonry units (one masonry unit in thickness

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137
Q

Prefire analysis

A

A study of information that has been gathered as part of a prefire plan to identify specific construction issues/concerns and interactions

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138
Q

Prefire planning

A

A document developed by gathering general and detailed data used by responding personnel to determine the resources and actions necessary to mitigate anticipated emergencies at a specific facility

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139
Q

Admixture

A

A material other than water, aggregate, and cement used as an ingredient in concrete or mortar

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140
Q

Aggregate

A

Any of variety of materials, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement mixture to make concrete

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141
Q

Aluminum

A

A lightweight metal that is both malleable and nonmagnetic. this material has very good conductivity. this noncombustible material has a low melting point and little mass per unit of area, so it disintegrates rapidly in fire

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142
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Set of regulations passed in 1990 that includes, among other things, regulations requiring areas of refuge for disabled people in multistory buildings

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143
Q

Architect

A

An individual who is engaged in the design of buildings and who often supervises construction

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144
Q

Area of Refuge

A

An area of a building separated from other spaces by fire rated smoke barriers in which a tenable environment is maintained for the period of time that such areas may need to be occupied at the time of a fire

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145
Q

Brick

A

Solid or hollow masonry unit of clay mixed with sand, which is molded into a small rectangular shape while in a plastic state

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146
Q

Building Code

A

Regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, providing for minimum levels of health and safety. Regulates the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure

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147
Q

Caisson

A

Shaft or concrete placed under a building column or wall extending down to the bedrock

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148
Q

Cells (concrete)

A

The hollow portions of the core of a concrete block

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149
Q

Civil Engineer

A

An engineer who specializes in the design of parking lots, drainage areas, and roadways

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150
Q

Cold-drawn Steel

A

Type of steel used in construction of cables that are sometimes used to brace failing buildings or as tendons in tensioned concrete. Fails at 800 degrees F

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151
Q

Composite Material

A

Material built of different parts, pieces, and materials intended to act as a single unit

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152
Q

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

A

Precast hollow or solid structural block

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153
Q

Construction Safety Regulations

A

OSHA regulations that apply to construction sites

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154
Q

Corrugation

A

Grooved ridged material, often metal

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155
Q

Crosslot bracing

A

Internal bracing that transfers the lateral earth pressures between opposing walls through compressive struts

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156
Q

Cured (concrete)

A

Concrete that is hardened to full strength

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157
Q

Dewatering pump

A

Pump that removes water from the ground or excavations that hinder construction from an area of the site

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158
Q

Electrical Engineer

A

Engineer who specializes in the design of lighting, power telecommunications, and emergency power of a structure

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159
Q

Falsework/Formwork

A

Temporary shoring, formwork, beams, or lateral bracing to support the work in the process of construction

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160
Q

Fire code

A

Regulates the activities that take place in existing buildings, including maintenance of existing fire protection features

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161
Q

Fire partition

A

Fire rated assembly that subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire such as between dwelling units in a multiple dwelling

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162
Q

Fire protection engineer

A

Engineer who specializes in the design of fire protection systems

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163
Q

Fireproofing contractor

A

Subcontractor hired by the contractor to spray a layer of cementitious material onto steel for fire resistance purposes

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164
Q

Folded plate

A

Structural element used to strengthen the roof of a structure over large areas

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165
Q

Footing

A

Thick concrete pads, usually heavily reinforced, which transfer the loads of piers or columns to the ground

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166
Q

Foundation

A

Lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level

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167
Q

Framing

A

System of rough timber structural woodwork that is joined together to support or enclose, such as partitions, flooring, and roofing

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168
Q

General contractor

A

The prime contractor who oversees and is responsible for the overall work on the site

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169
Q

Gypsum

A

A natural mineral used in the manufacture of drywall and plaster

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170
Q

Insurance regulations

A

Rules of an insurance company in regard to coverage

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171
Q

Interior Finish

A

Exposed material on a wall, ceiling, or floor

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172
Q

Lightweight wood truss

A

A collection of lightweight wood structural components joined in a triangular configuration that can be used to support either floors or roofs

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173
Q

Malleable

A

The property of a metal that allows it to be shaped by bending, hammering, or extruding without cracking or rupturing

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174
Q

Masonry unit

A

The type of masonry used on a given structure (bricks or concrete blocks)

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175
Q

Mechanical enigneeer

A

A person trained in a branch of engineering related to mechanical equipment. Usually designs the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and plumbing of the building

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176
Q

Modular construction

A

A construction technique in which a set of prefabricated modules are transported to and assembled at a construction site, creating a building

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177
Q

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

A

A type of board made of layers of strands of wood cut from logs, with a fairly constant width to length ratio

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178
Q

Pile

A

One of a series of large timbers or steel sections driven into soft ground down to bedrock to provide a solid foundation for the superstructure of a building

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179
Q

Plastic

A

Synthetic materials that are composed of organic polymers that can be shaped and molded

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180
Q

Plumbing contractor

A

Subcontractor hired by the contractor to oversee the installation of plumbing within a building

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181
Q

Plywood

A

Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop the approximate equal strength in either direction

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182
Q

Portland cement mortar

A

Most common type of cement in use today

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183
Q

Progressive collapse

A

Extensive structural failure initiated by local structural damage or a chain reaction of failures following damage to a small portion of a structure

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184
Q

Quarried stone

A

Natural stones such as granite, marble, limestone, and sandstone

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185
Q

Raker

A

Braced sheeting used in soil walls to protect against collapse

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186
Q

Reinforcement bar (rebar)

A

Steel bar placed in concrete to increase its overall tensile strength

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187
Q

Sand-lime mortar

A

Water-soluble mixture; can be washed away from wall with water

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188
Q

Scale (Architectural)

A

An instrument with uniformly spaced marks used to measure distance on a set of blueprints

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189
Q

Seismic protection

A

Stabilization of outer walls, overhangs, floors, and walls to resist destruction by an earthquake

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190
Q

Slurry wall

A

A foundation wall in an excavation that is heavily reinforced with steel and temporarily filled with a liquid slurry mixture that is subsequently displaced by concrete

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191
Q

Spall

A

A small fragment or chip dislodged from the face of a stone or masonry unit

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192
Q

Specifications

A

Manuals prepared by building designers that specify which particular type of device or equipment is to be used in the building

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193
Q

Structural Engineer

A

Engineer who is consulted in large buildings to design the structural frame

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194
Q

Structural steel

A

Steel rolled in a variety of shapes and fabricated for use as load-bearing structural members or elements

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195
Q

Subcontractor

A

A specialist who undertakes part of a main building contract from a contractor

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196
Q

Substructure

A

The foundation and footings

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197
Q

Superstructure

A

Any structure above the substructure

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198
Q

Thermal pane windows

A

Units composed of two or more glass panes win a hermetically sealed frame

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199
Q

Thermoplastic

A

Construction material that softens when heated and rehardens when cooled

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200
Q

Thermoset

A

Plastic that chars and burns, but does not flow

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201
Q

Tieback

A

Braced sheeting used in soil walls to protect against collapse

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202
Q

Wallboard

A

A large, rigid gypsum sheet that is fastened to the frame of a building and provides the surface finish

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203
Q

Wallboard contractor

A

Subcontractor hired by a contractor to oversee the surface finishes of walls that are fastened to the frame of the building

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204
Q

Wooden I-joist

A

Composite lightweight wood material used in an “I” cross section

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205
Q

Wrought iron

A

A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature; used for water pipes, rivets, and other ornamental forged work

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206
Q

Zoning regulations

A

Dictate land usage in specific cities

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207
Q

Combines the function of a beam and a column

A

Arch

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208
Q

Vertical or horizontal orientation

A

Attitude

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209
Q

A load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section

A

Axial Load

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210
Q

Lightweight steel truss joint

A

Bar Joist

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211
Q

A structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points

A

Beam

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212
Q

A line of columns in any direction

A

Bent

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213
Q

A structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against lateral wind and earthquake loads

A

Braced Frame

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214
Q

Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever

A

Bracket

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215
Q

Consists of an exterior wythe of brick directly mortared or parged to an inner wythe of concrete masonry unit (CMU)

A

Brick & Block Composite Wall

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216
Q

British thermal unit: the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree at the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 60 degrees

A

BTU

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217
Q

Made of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel

A

Built-up Girder

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218
Q

Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall

A

Buttress

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219
Q

Measure in BTU; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree

A

Caloric Value

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220
Q

Upward rise

A

Camber

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221
Q

A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at that end

A

Cantilever Beam

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222
Q

Supported by a cantilever

A

Cantilevered

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223
Q

Wall built of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation

A

Cavity or Hollow Wall

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224
Q

Center point at which a body would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity

A

Centroid

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225
Q

The outside members (top and bottom) of a truss, as opposed to the inner “webbed members”

A

Chord

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226
Q

A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member

A

Column

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227
Q

Built up of different parts, pieces, or materials

A

Composite

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228
Q

A wall composed of two or more masonry materials that react together under load

A

Composite Wall

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229
Q

Direct pushing force, in line with the axis member; the opposite of tension

A

Compression

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230
Q

A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load

A

Concentrated Load

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231
Q

A beam supported at three or more points. It is considered structurally advantageous because if the span between two supports is overloaded, the rest of the beam assists in carrying the load

A

Continuous Beam

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232
Q

No external braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure

A

Core Construction

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233
Q

Any wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another

A

Cross wall

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234
Q

Weight of a building; the dead load consists of the weight of all materials of constructions incorporated into a building, including but not limited to walls, floor, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, as well as fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes

A

Dead Load

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235
Q

The deformation or displacement of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it

A

Deflection

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236
Q

Wall bounding a tenant space

A

Demising Wall

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237
Q

A floor designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes

A

Diaphragm Floor

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238
Q

A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pas through the center of the section

A

Eccentric Load

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239
Q

The end of a joist that is cut at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of a wall without damaging the load-bearing wall

A

Fire cut

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240
Q

The potential fuel available for a fire in a building

A

Fire load

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241
Q

The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire

A

Fire resistance

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242
Q

Wall with a fire-resistive rating and structural stability that separates buildings or subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire

A

Fire wall

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243
Q

Beam supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points. This rigidity may cause collapse of a wall if the beam collapses and the rigid connection does not yield properly

A

Fixed beam

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244
Q

Made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams

A

Flitch plate girder

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245
Q

Lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level

A

Foundation

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246
Q

Another name for a gusset plate in a lightweight wood truss

A

Gang nail

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247
Q

A beam that supports other beams

A

Girder

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248
Q

A connection that depends on the weight of the building to hold it in place

A

Gravity connection

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249
Q

All of the structural elements of a building and the connections that support and transfer the loads

A

Gravity resistance system

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250
Q

A series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load

A

Grillage

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251
Q

Connecting plate made of thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of the truss

A

Gusset plate

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252
Q

Masonry unity that overlaps two or more adjoining wythes of masonry to tie them together

A

Header

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253
Q

Rate at which the potential heat in a fuel is released

A

Heat release rate (HRR)

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254
Q

When describing wall construction, a wall that acts as one unit

A

Homogeneous

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255
Q

Components of a hurricane resistance system that prevent uplift of the components of a structure, including galvanized steel straps used to connect roof trusses to stud walls and anchor bolts used to connect stud walls with sill and sole plates

A

Hurricane bracing

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256
Q

Effect of moving a load upon a stationary structure

A

Impact load

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257
Q

A truss incorporating a single compression member; it is inverted because the compression member extends downward

A

Inverted king post truss

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258
Q

A beam

A

Joist

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259
Q

an arrangement of braces between columns that resembles the letter “K”

A

K-bracing

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260
Q

Metric unit approximately equivalent to one btu

A

Kilojoule (kJ)

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261
Q

A unit for measuring the energy release rate of fire

A

Kilowatt (KW)

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262
Q

one thousand pounds force

A

KIP

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263
Q

A wall typically found in the top floor of a wood-frame home with a peaked roof

A

Knee wall

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264
Q

Force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction, such as wind or seismic forces

A

Lateral impact load

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265
Q

A wood board typically attached to a wall’s studs that is used to support wood joists

A

Ledger board

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266
Q

A collection of lightweight structural components joined in triangular unit that can be used to support either floors or roofs

A

Lightweight truss

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267
Q

The horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it

A

Lintel

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268
Q

The weight of the building contents

A

Live load

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269
Q

Force or other action that results from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes

A

Load

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270
Q

Any wall that carries a load in addition to its own weight

A

Load-bearing wall

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271
Q

A very large structure

A

Megastructure

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272
Q

Unit for measuring the energy release rate of fire

A

Megawatt (MW)

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273
Q

Tendency of a force to rotate or twist a structural member

A

Moment

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274
Q

Structural system that utilizes special “moment” connections between columns and beams to resist rotation due to lateral loads such as earthquakes and wind

A

Moment frame

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275
Q

A construction technique in which all successive poured concrete castings are joined together so that the structure seems to be like one piece of stone

A

Monolithic concrete

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276
Q

When any change is to be made in the foundation of an existing walk, the wall must be supported. Often holes are cut through the wall, and so called needle beams are inserted and supported on both sides. They pick up the load of the walls

A

Needle beam

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277
Q

Line along which the length of the beam does not change

A

Neutral Axis

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278
Q

A wall supporting no load other than its own weight

A

Non-load bearing wall

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279
Q

A beam that projects beyond it support, but not far enough to be a cantilever

A

Overhanging beam

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280
Q

Connection points joining ties, struts, and chords in a truss

A

Panel points

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281
Q

Non-load bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings

A

Panel Wall (curtain wall)

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282
Q

A truss in which both the upper and lower chords are parallel to each other

A

Parallel-chord truss

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283
Q

A non-load bearing wall that subdivides spaces within any story of a building or room

A

Partition wall

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284
Q

A load-bearing wall that is common to two structures

A

Party wall

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285
Q

A short column of masonry, usually rectangular in horizontal cross section, used to support other structural members

A

Pier

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286
Q

A masonry column projecting from or both faces of the wall in which it is located

A

Pilaster

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287
Q

A description for structural elements that are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints

A

Pinned

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288
Q

Design based on connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building

A

Plastic design

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289
Q

Heavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the fram

A

Portal bracing

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290
Q

Concrete member that is cast and cured in place other than its final position in the structure

A

Precast

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291
Q

Type of wall that acts as a vertical cantilever when it is being erected and is braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles

A

Precast concrete tilt slab wall

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292
Q

A designation of HRR; refers to the rate at which a fuel will burn

A

Q

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293
Q

A truss with two compression members

A

Queen post truss

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294
Q

Diagonal bracing columns

A

Rakers

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295
Q

The response in structures to the imposed loads, which are generally developed at the supports

A

Reaction

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296
Q

In concrete masonry construction, steel reinforcement that is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces

A

Reinforced concrete

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297
Q

A load that is applied intermittently

A

Repeated Load

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298
Q

Structural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected. There are no hinged joints, and the angular relationship between beam and column members is maintained under load

A

Rigid frame

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299
Q

A phenomenon in wood trusses in which differences in moisture levels between the upper and lower wood truss chords cause the truss to bend and create a rise in the roof

A

Rising roof

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300
Q

A wall composed of inner and outer wythes of coursed masonry. The space between the wythes is filled with random masonry, sometimes mixed with mortar. Such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust

A

Rubble masonry wall

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301
Q

The ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress

A

Safety factor

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302
Q

Water-soluble mixture used in the past as mortar; when a water is applied, the mortar can be washed away from the wall

A

Sand-lime mortar

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303
Q

Type of floor in which floor girders are set on anchor boxes in walls and caps attached to columns. A wood cleat or steel dog-rion similar to a big staple is used to provide minimal stability. often used in heavy-timber construction

A

Self-releasing floor

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304
Q

Another term for dead load

A

Self-weight

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305
Q

A curving wall

A

Serpentine wall

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306
Q

Forces occurring within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions

A

Shear

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307
Q

A wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes

A

Shear wall

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308
Q

A beam supported at two points near its ends. in simple beam construction, the load is delivered to the two reaction points and the rest of the structure renders no assistance in an overload

A

Simple beam

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309
Q

Three dimensional pyramid-like truss

A

Spaceframe

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310
Q

Girder that ties wall columns together in a framed building

A

Spandrel girder

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311
Q

An open web design used for the support of floors and roofs

A

Steel joist

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312
Q

The capacity of a member or framework to resist imposed loads without excessive deflection

A

Stiffness

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313
Q

The actual percentage of elongation (deformation) when material is stressed

A

Strain

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314
Q

A masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall

A

Stretcher

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315
Q

Components of a structure that include beams, trusses, columns, arches, and walls

A

Structural elements

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316
Q

All members of a structure that are tied together to carry the imposed loads to the substructure, and hence to the ground

A

Structural frame

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317
Q

A bracing column

A

Strut

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318
Q

A simple beam, with one or both ends suspended on a tension member such as a chain, cable, or rod

A

Suspended beam

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319
Q

A hanging load supported from above

A

Suspended load

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320
Q

A pulling or stretching force in line with the axis of the body; the opposite of compression, which is pushing, crushing stress

A

Tension

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321
Q

The tensile connecting members of a truss web

A

Tie

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322
Q

A rod in tension; used to hold parts of a structure together

A

Tie rod

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323
Q

The measurable turning force applied to a structural member

A

Torque

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324
Q

A force tending to twist a structural member

A

Torsion

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325
Q

A beam that typically carries a load around a large opening or over an area in order to avoid intervening columns

A

Transfer beam

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326
Q

The manner in which a load is spread from the pint of application to the ground

A

Transmission

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327
Q

A roof truss that is triangular in shape; it is used to create a peaked roof

A

Triangular truss

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328
Q

A type of beam that is framed a structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension or compression) in the members

A

Truss

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329
Q

Externally braced structure

A

Tube construction

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330
Q

The highest load that a member or structure can sustain before failure occurs

A

Ultimate strength

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331
Q

A load that is applied evenly over an area

A

Uniformly distributed load

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332
Q

Wall made up of a single vertical thickness of masonry that is designed to improve the exterior appearance of a building

A

Veneer wall

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333
Q

A rectangular truss with very rigid corner bracing

A

Vierendeel Truss

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334
Q

A wedge shaped block whose converging sides radiate from a center, forming an element of an arch or vaulted cieling

A

Voussoir

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335
Q

A structural element that transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top or received at any point on the wall

A

Wall

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336
Q

A column of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry in a block wall. Concentrated loads such as main girders are applied to the wall directly above the wall column

A

Wall column

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337
Q

A unit for measuring the energy release rate of a fire

A

Watt (W)

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338
Q

The group of struts, ties, and panel points in a truss

A

Web

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339
Q

A drainage hole in a masonry wall that allows water trapped inside the wall to escape

A

Weep hole

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340
Q

Cast in place concrete that unites the rods projecting from precast section

A

Wet joint

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341
Q

Positive or negative force of the wind acting on a structure

A

Wind load

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342
Q

A single continuous vertical wall of masonry units (one masonry unit in thickness

A

Wythe

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343
Q

A study of information that has been gathered as part of a prefire plan to identify specific construction issues/concerns and interactions

A

Prefire analysis

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344
Q

A document developed by gathering general and detailed data used by responding personnel to determine the resources and actions necessary to mitigate anticipated emergencies at a specific facility

A

Prefire planning

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345
Q

A material other than water, aggregate, and cement used as an ingredient in concrete or mortar

A

Admixture

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346
Q

Any of variety of materials, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement mixture to make concrete

A

Aggregate

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347
Q

A lightweight metal that is both malleable and nonmagnetic. this material has very good conductivity. this noncombustible material has a low melting point and little mass per unit of area, so it disintegrates rapidly in fire

A

Aluminum

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348
Q

Set of regulations passed in 1990 that includes, among other things, regulations requiring areas of refuge for disabled people in multistory buildings

A

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

349
Q

An individual who is engaged in the design of buildings and who often supervises construction

A

Architect

350
Q

An area of a building separated from other spaces by fire rated smoke barriers in which a tenable environment is maintained for the period of time that such areas may need to be occupied at the time of a fire

A

Area of Refuge

351
Q

Solid or hollow masonry unit of clay mixed with sand, which is molded into a small rectangular shape while in a plastic state

A

Brick

352
Q

Regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, providing for minimum levels of health and safety. Regulates the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure

A

Building Code

353
Q

Shaft or concrete placed under a building column or wall extending down to the bedrock

A

Caisson

354
Q

The hollow portions of the core of a concrete block

A

Cells (concrete)

355
Q

An engineer who specializes in the design of parking lots, drainage areas, and roadways

A

Civil Engineer

356
Q

Type of steel used in construction of cables that are sometimes used to brace failing buildings or as tendons in tensioned concrete. Fails at 800 degrees F

A

Cold-drawn Steel

357
Q

Material built of different parts, pieces, and materials intended to act as a single unit

A

Composite Material

358
Q

Precast hollow or solid structural block

A

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

359
Q

OSHA regulations that apply to construction sites

A

Construction Safety Regulations

360
Q

Grooved ridged material, often metal

A

Corrugation

361
Q

Internal bracing that transfers the lateral earth pressures between opposing walls through compressive struts

A

Crosslot bracing

362
Q

Concrete that is hardened to full strength

A

Cured (concrete)

363
Q

Pump that removes water from the ground or excavations that hinder construction from an area of the site

A

Dewatering pump

364
Q

Engineer who specializes in the design of lighting, power telecommunications, and emergency power of a structure

A

Electrical Engineer

365
Q

Temporary shoring, formwork, beams, or lateral bracing to support the work in the process of construction

A

Falsework/Formwork

366
Q

Regulates the activities that take place in existing buildings, including maintenance of existing fire protection features

A

Fire code

367
Q

Fire rated assembly that subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire such as between dwelling units in a multiple dwelling

A

Fire partition

368
Q

Engineer who specializes in the design of fire protection systems

A

Fire protection engineer

369
Q

Subcontractor hired by the contractor to spray a layer of cementitious material onto steel for fire resistance purposes

A

Fireproofing contractor

370
Q

Structural element used to strengthen the roof of a structure over large areas

A

Folded plate

371
Q

Thick concrete pads, usually heavily reinforced, which transfer the loads of piers or columns to the ground

A

Footing

372
Q

Lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level

A

Foundation

373
Q

System of rough timber structural woodwork that is joined together to support or enclose, such as partitions, flooring, and roofing

A

Framing

374
Q

The prime contractor who oversees and is responsible for the overall work on the site

A

General contractor

375
Q

A natural mineral used in the manufacture of drywall and plaster

A

Gypsum

376
Q

Rules of an insurance company in regard to coverage

A

Insurance regulations

377
Q

Exposed material on a wall, ceiling, or floor

A

Interior Finish

378
Q

A collection of lightweight wood structural components joined in a triangular configuration that can be used to support either floors or roofs

A

Lightweight wood truss

379
Q

The property of a metal that allows it to be shaped by bending, hammering, or extruding without cracking or rupturing

A

Malleable

380
Q

The type of masonry used on a given structure (bricks or concrete blocks)

A

Masonry unit

381
Q

A person trained in a branch of engineering related to mechanical equipment. Usually designs the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and plumbing of the building

A

Mechanical enigneeer

382
Q

A construction technique in which a set of prefabricated modules are transported to and assembled at a construction site, creating a building

A

Modular construction

383
Q

A type of board made of layers of strands of wood cut from logs, with a fairly constant width to length ratio

A

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

384
Q

One of a series of large timbers or steel sections driven into soft ground down to bedrock to provide a solid foundation for the superstructure of a building

A

Pile

385
Q

Synthetic materials that are composed of organic polymers that can be shaped and molded

A

Plastic

386
Q

Subcontractor hired by the contractor to oversee the installation of plumbing within a building

A

Plumbing contractor

387
Q

Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop the approximate equal strength in either direction

A

Plywood

388
Q

Most common type of cement in use today

A

Portland cement mortar

389
Q

Extensive structural failure initiated by local structural damage or a chain reaction of failures following damage to a small portion of a structure

A

Progressive collapse

390
Q

Natural stones such as granite, marble, limestone, and sandstone

A

Quarried stone

391
Q

Braced sheeting used in soil walls to protect against collapse

A

Raker

392
Q

Steel bar placed in concrete to increase its overall tensile strength

A

Reinforcement bar (rebar)

393
Q

Water-soluble mixture; can be washed away from wall with water

A

Sand-lime mortar

394
Q

An instrument with uniformly spaced marks used to measure distance on a set of blueprints

A

Scale (Architectural)

395
Q

Stabilization of outer walls, overhangs, floors, and walls to resist destruction by an earthquake

A

Seismic protection

396
Q

A foundation wall in an excavation that is heavily reinforced with steel and temporarily filled with a liquid slurry mixture that is subsequently displaced by concrete

A

Slurry wall

397
Q

A small fragment or chip dislodged from the face of a stone or masonry unit

A

Spall

398
Q

Manuals prepared by building designers that specify which particular type of device or equipment is to be used in the building

A

Specifications

399
Q

Engineer who is consulted in large buildings to design the structural frame

A

Structural Engineer

400
Q

Steel rolled in a variety of shapes and fabricated for use as load-bearing structural members or elements

A

Structural steel

401
Q

A specialist who undertakes part of a main building contract from a contractor

A

Subcontractor

402
Q

The foundation and footings

A

Substructure

403
Q

Any structure above the substructure

A

Superstructure

404
Q

Units composed of two or more glass panes win a hermetically sealed frame

A

Thermal pane windows

405
Q

Construction material that softens when heated and rehardens when cooled

A

Thermoplastic

406
Q

Plastic that chars and burns, but does not flow

A

Thermoset

407
Q

Braced sheeting used in soil walls to protect against collapse

A

Tieback

408
Q

A large, rigid gypsum sheet that is fastened to the frame of a building and provides the surface finish

A

Wallboard

409
Q

Subcontractor hired by a contractor to oversee the surface finishes of walls that are fastened to the frame of the building

A

Wallboard contractor

410
Q

Composite lightweight wood material used in an “I” cross section

A

Wooden I-joist

411
Q

A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature; used for water pipes, rivets, and other ornamental forged work

A

Wrought iron

412
Q

Dictate land usage in specific cities

A

Zoning regulations

413
Q

Building Code

A

Regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, providing for minimum levels of health and safety. Regulates the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure

414
Q

Exit

A

That portion of a means of egress that is separated from all other spaces of a building or structure by construction or equipment as required to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge

415
Q

Exit Access

A

That portion of means of egreess that leads to an exit

416
Q

Exit Discharge

A

That portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way

417
Q

Fire Code

A

Regulates the activities that take place in buildings. Applicable to existing buildings and hazards

418
Q

Fire service access elevators

A

Elevators specifically designed for fire fighter use that are found in new buidlings more than 120 feet in height

419
Q

Horizontal Exit

A

A 2-hour fire-rated wall typically running from exterior wall on an individual floor of a building, which is used when travel distances to a fire-rated stairwell or exit discharge are excessive

420
Q

Legacy Code

A

A source code that is no longer supported or printed

421
Q

Model Code

A

Complete regulatory documents that can be adopted by cities and states as they are written

422
Q

Occupancy type

A

The building code classification for the intended use or purpose of a building or building space

423
Q

Occupant evacuation elevators

A

Special elevators intended for the self evacuation of occupants in office buildings more than 420 feet in height

424
Q

Phase I operation

A

Elevators are recalled to the first floor lobby of the building by the activation of a smoke detector located in an elevator lobby or one of the upper floors.

425
Q

Phase II operation

A

A fire fighter selects one of the elevators in a bank to access the upper floors. Firefighters can then control the elevators using a special key and set of procedures

426
Q

Travel Distance

A

The number of feet from any point in a building to a rated stairwell or outside

427
Q

Regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, providing for minimum levels of health and safety. Regulates the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure

A

Building Code

428
Q

That portion of a means of egress that is separated from all other spaces of a building or structure by construction or equipment as required to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge

A

Exit

429
Q

That portion of means of egreess that leads to an exit

A

Exit Access

430
Q

That portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way

A

Exit Discharge

431
Q

Regulates the activities that take place in buildings. Applicable to existing buildings and hazards

A

Fire Code

432
Q

Elevators specifically designed for fire fighter use that are found in new buidlings more than 120 feet in height

A

Fire service access elevators

433
Q

A 2-hour fire-rated wall typically running from exterior wall on an individual floor of a building, which is used when travel distances to a fire-rated stairwell or exit discharge are excessive

A

Horizontal Exit

434
Q

A source code that is no longer supported or printed

A

Legacy Code

435
Q

Complete regulatory documents that can be adopted by cities and states as they are written

A

Model Code

436
Q

The building code classification for the intended use or purpose of a building or building space

A

Occupancy type

437
Q

Special elevators intended for the self evacuation of occupants in office buildings more than 420 feet in height

A

Occupant evacuation elevators

438
Q

Elevators are recalled to the first floor lobby of the building by the activation of a smoke detector located in an elevator lobby or one of the upper floors.

A

Phase I operation

439
Q

A fire fighter selects one of the elevators in a bank to access the upper floors. Firefighters can then control the elevators using a special key and set of procedures

A

Phase II operation

440
Q

The number of feet from any point in a building to a rated stairwell or outside

A

Travel Distance

441
Q

Autoexposure

A

The vertial spread of fire on the exteriro of a multistory building from one floor the floor(s) above, via convection and radiation

442
Q

Autoignition

A

A phenomenon in which combustible material ignites spontaneously without the application of a flame or spark

443
Q

Backdraft

A

The explosive burning of heated gaseous products of combustion when oxygen is introduced into an environment whos oxygen supply has ben depleted due to fire

444
Q

Bagasse

A

Low-density fiberboard made of wood fibers or sugar can residue

445
Q

Batt insulation

A

Fiberglass or rock wool insulation with various thicknesses

446
Q

Ceiling layer

A

The hot, buoyant gases that collect at the very top of a room

447
Q

Combustible acoustical tile

A

Fiberboard in which holes have been punched

448
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat within an object or between objects through direct contact

449
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat through circulation within a medium such as a gas or liquid

450
Q

Entrainment

A

The process of oxygen being drawn into a fire

451
Q

Fire plume

A

The column of flames, smoke, and heated gases rising above the burning object

452
Q

Flameover

A

A situation in which unburned fuel gases, having gathered in sufficient quantities at the ceiling layer, suddenly ignite; also called rollover

453
Q

Flashover

A

A transition stage in a fire in which exposed surfaces within the compartment ignite simultaneously and fire spreads throughout the comparment, resulting in full room involvement

454
Q

Fuel

A

A material that will sustain combustion

455
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy that is the source of ignition

456
Q

Low-density fiberboard

A

Sometimes used as an interior finish, a product made of wood particles such as wood shavings and bound together with a suitable binder

457
Q

Matchboarding

A

Ceilings made of embossed steel and wooden boards

458
Q

Neutral plane

A

The interface between the hot ceiling layer and the cooler air flowing into the compartment

459
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

Normally atmospheric oxygen, but may also be chemical compounds known as oxidizers that release oxygen as they react

460
Q

Piloted ignition

A

Ignition of a heated combustible material when a flame or spark is applied

461
Q

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

A

Toxic chemicals used as nonflammable coolants in transformers that may be released during fires

462
Q

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

A commercially produced organic compound used in tranformers and capacitors due to its electrical insulator properties and low flammability rating

463
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

464
Q

Rigid-foamed polyurethane

A

Cellular foam plastic that is used as an interior finish

465
Q

Robertson protected metal

A

Asphalt-coated steel

466
Q

Smoke

A

The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases produced by a fire

467
Q

Uninhibited chemical chain reaction

A

A sustained oxidation reaction that produces sufficient excess heat to continue heating unburned fuel, making it available for combustion

468
Q
A
469
Q

The vertial spread of fire on the exteriro of a multistory building from one floor the floor(s) above, via convection and radiation

A

Autoexposure

470
Q

A phenomenon in which combustible material ignites spontaneously without the application of a flame or spark

A

Autoignition

471
Q

The explosive burning of heated gaseous products of combustion when oxygen is introduced into an environment whos oxygen supply has ben depleted due to fire

A

Backdraft

472
Q

Low-density fiberboard made of wood fibers or sugar can residue

A

Bagasse

473
Q

Fiberglass or rock wool insulation with various thicknesses

A

Batt insulation

474
Q

The hot, buoyant gases that collect at the very top of a room

A

Ceiling layer

475
Q

Fiberboard in which holes have been punched

A

Combustible acoustical tile

476
Q

The transfer of heat within an object or between objects through direct contact

A

Conduction

477
Q

The transfer of heat through circulation within a medium such as a gas or liquid

A

Convection

478
Q

The process of oxygen being drawn into a fire

A

Entrainment

479
Q

The column of flames, smoke, and heated gases rising above the burning object

A

Fire plume

480
Q

A situation in which unburned fuel gases, having gathered in sufficient quantities at the ceiling layer, suddenly ignite; also called rollover

A

Flameover

481
Q

A transition stage in a fire in which exposed surfaces within the compartment ignite simultaneously and fire spreads throughout the comparment, resulting in full room involvement

A

Flashover

482
Q

A material that will sustain combustion

A

Fuel

483
Q

A form of energy that is the source of ignition

A

Heat

484
Q

Sometimes used as an interior finish, a product made of wood particles such as wood shavings and bound together with a suitable binder

A

Low-density fiberboard

485
Q

Ceilings made of embossed steel and wooden boards

A

Matchboarding

486
Q

The interface between the hot ceiling layer and the cooler air flowing into the compartment

A

Neutral plane

487
Q

Normally atmospheric oxygen, but may also be chemical compounds known as oxidizers that release oxygen as they react

A

Oxidizing agent

488
Q

Ignition of a heated combustible material when a flame or spark is applied

A

Piloted ignition

489
Q

Toxic chemicals used as nonflammable coolants in transformers that may be released during fires

A

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

490
Q

A commercially produced organic compound used in tranformers and capacitors due to its electrical insulator properties and low flammability rating

A

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

491
Q

Heat transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

A

Radiation

492
Q

Cellular foam plastic that is used as an interior finish

A

Rigid-foamed polyurethane

493
Q

Asphalt-coated steel

A

Robertson protected metal

494
Q

The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases produced by a fire

A

Smoke

495
Q

A sustained oxidation reaction that produces sufficient excess heat to continue heating unburned fuel, making it available for combustion

A

Uninhibited chemical chain reaction

496
Q

Air flow

A

The use of high air velocity to stop smoke movement

497
Q

Automatic-Wet Standpipe System

A

Standpipe system attached to a water supply capable of sypplying the system demand at all times

498
Q

Carbon Dioxide System

A

A fire protection system intended to protect materials that can be damaged by water

499
Q

Clean Agent System

A

Gaseous fire extinguishing agent that does not leave a residue when it dissipates

500
Q

Compartmentation

A

Subdivision of a building into small areas so that fire or smoke is confined to the room or section in which it originates

501
Q

Conflagration

A

Rapid involvement of a fire situation that goes beyond the normal attack situations that fire departments encounter

502
Q

Critical Radiant Flux (CRF)

A

The amount of external radiant heat energy below which a flame front will cease to propagate (measured in watts per square cm)

503
Q

Demand Area

A

The “expected” area of sprinklers that will activiate as anticipated by the sprinkler design standard

504
Q

Density

A

The unit rate of water application to an area or surface; expressed in gpm/ft2

505
Q

Dry Chemical System

A

An automatic fire extinguishing system that discharges a dry chemical agent

506
Q

Egress

A

Adequate exits within a building

507
Q

Fire barriers

A

Assemblies that are typically 1 to 2 hour rated and used to enclose shafts, exit stairwells, exit passageways, and horizontal exits, and to separate spaces from certain hazardous areas

508
Q

Fire damper

A

A mechanical device installed in an HVAC system at the point at which it passes through a fire-resistive assembly so as to block the spread of fire through the fire-rated assembly

509
Q

Fire partitions

A

Assemblies that are typically 1 hour rated and are used to creat fire-resistive corridors and to separate tenant spaces in covered mall buildings

510
Q

Fireproofing

A

Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance

511
Q

Fire-rated

A

The classification indicating in time (hours) the ability of a structure or component to withstand a standardized fire test

512
Q

Fire resistance rating

A

Quality ascribed to a wall, floor, or column assembly that has been tested in a standard manner to determine the length of time it remains structurally stable when attacked by a test fire

513
Q

Fire resistant

A

Construction designed to provide reasonable protection against fire

514
Q

Fire retardant

A

Substance that helps delay or prevent combustion

515
Q

Fire walls

A

Assemblies that are typically 2 to 4 hour rated and are used to create “separate buildings” within an overall structure

516
Q

Flameproof

A

Resistant to fire

517
Q

Flammable

A

Combustible that is capable of easily being ignited and rapidly consumed by fire

518
Q

Foam system

A

A firefighting system that provides for the delivery of a proportioned foam and water mixture for use in fire extinguishment

519
Q

Halon system

A

A fire protection system that provides for the transfer of halogenated agents between fire extinguishers, supply containers, and recharge and recovery containers so that none of the halogenated agents escape into the atmosphere

520
Q

Horizontal exit

A

A fire-rated wall typically running from one exterior wall to another

521
Q

Houseline

A

Class II standpipe system that supplies 100 gpm at 65 psi. Intended for use by building occupants

522
Q

Inherent fire resistance

A

Flame resistance that is derived from an essential characteristic of the structural member

523
Q

Initiating device

A

A system component that originates transmission of a change of state condition, such as in smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch

524
Q

Listing

A

A compliation of fire-rated assemblies that have been tested by a testing laboratory and found to meet the minimum requirements of the test standard

525
Q

Manual-dry standpipe system

A

Dry standpipe system that does not have a permanent water supply attached to the system

526
Q

Manual-wet standpipe system

A

Wet standpipe system connected to a small water supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the system, but not having a water supply capable of delivering the system demand attached to the system

527
Q

Noncombustible

A

A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire

528
Q

Peened

A

Forcible attachment of a thermocouple to a steel column or beam

529
Q

Purge

A

Flow of air or an inert medium at a rate that will effectively remove any gaseous or suspended combustibles and replace them with air

530
Q

Remote annuciator

A

Device indicating an off-standard or abnormal condition by both visual and audible signals

531
Q

Semiautomatic-dry standpipe system

A

Standpipe system that is attached to a water supply capable of supplying the system demand at all times and that requires activation of a control device to provide water at hose connections

532
Q

Silence switch

A

When flipped, the fire alarm is silenced but still active

533
Q

Smoke barrier

A

A 1-hour fire-rated assembly that has also been designed and tested to minimize the migration of smoke

534
Q

Smoke control

A

System that utilize fans to produce pressure differences so as to manage smoke movement

535
Q

Smoke developed

A

In the Steiner tunnel test, a calculation of smoke spread made by measuring the obscuration as the smoke passes a photoelectric cell placed in the stack from the test tunnel

536
Q

Stairwell pressurization system

A

System that introduces positive pressure into a stairwell to provide a tenable environment within the stair tower in the event of a building fire

537
Q

Standard time-temperature curve

A

The profile of the furnance temperatures that are dictated by the test standards NFPA 251, UL 263, and ASTM E-119

538
Q

Standpipe system

A

An arrangement of piping, valves, hose connections, and allied equipment installed in a building or structure, with the hose connections located in such a manner that water can be discharged in streams or spray patterns through attached hose and nozzles, for the purpose of extinguishing a fire, therby protecting a building or structure and its contents in addition to protecting the occupants

539
Q

Steiner tunnel test

A

Acommon term that refers to NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

540
Q

Thermocouple

A

An electircal temperature measuring device used in laboratory fire testing

541
Q

Total flooding

A

Act and manner of discharging an agent for the purpose of achieving a specified minimum agent concentration throughout a compartment

542
Q

Water flow switch

A

A switch that detects the movement of water in a sprinkler system and trasmits a signal to the alarm system

543
Q

Water mist system

A

Distribution system connected to a water supply or water and atomizing media supplies that is equipped with one or more nozzles capable of delivering water mist intended to control, suppress, or extinguish fires and that has been demonstrated to meet the performance requirements of its listing

544
Q

Water spray system

A

Special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable fire protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected

545
Q

Wet chemical system

A

An automatic fire extinguishing system that discharges a wet chemical agent

546
Q

Zone

A

Defined area within the protected premises

547
Q

Zoned smoke control

A

Smoke control system that includes smoke exhaust for the smoke zone and pressurization for all contiguous smoke control zones

548
Q
A
549
Q

The use of high air velocity to stop smoke movement

A

Air flow

550
Q

Standpipe system attached to a water supply capable of sypplying the system demand at all times

A

Automatic-Wet Standpipe System

551
Q

A fire protection system intended to protect materials that can be damaged by water

A

Carbon Dioxide System

552
Q

Gaseous fire extinguishing agent that does not leave a residue when it dissipates

A

Clean Agent System

553
Q

Subdivision of a building into small areas so that fire or smoke is confined to the room or section in which it originates

A

Compartmentation

554
Q

Rapid involvement of a fire situation that goes beyond the normal attack situations that fire departments encounter

A

Conflagration

555
Q

The amount of external radiant heat energy below which a flame front will cease to propagate (measured in watts per square cm)

A

Critical Radiant Flux (CRF)

556
Q

The “expected” area of sprinklers that will activiate as anticipated by the sprinkler design standard

A

Demand Area

557
Q

The unit rate of water application to an area or surface; expressed in gpm/ft2

A

Density

558
Q

An automatic fire extinguishing system that discharges a dry chemical agent

A

Dry Chemical System

559
Q

Adequate exits within a building

A

Egress

560
Q

Assemblies that are typically 1 to 2 hour rated and used to enclose shafts, exit stairwells, exit passageways, and horizontal exits, and to separate spaces from certain hazardous areas

A

Fire barriers

561
Q

A mechanical device installed in an HVAC system at the point at which it passes through a fire-resistive assembly so as to block the spread of fire through the fire-rated assembly

A

Fire damper

562
Q

Assemblies that are typically 1 hour rated and are used to creat fire-resistive corridors and to separate tenant spaces in covered mall buildings

A

Fire partitions

563
Q

Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance

A

Fireproofing

564
Q

The classification indicating in time (hours) the ability of a structure or component to withstand a standardized fire test

A

Fire-rated

565
Q

Quality ascribed to a wall, floor, or column assembly that has been tested in a standard manner to determine the length of time it remains structurally stable when attacked by a test fire

A

Fire resistance rating

566
Q

Construction designed to provide reasonable protection against fire

A

Fire resistant

567
Q

Substance that helps delay or prevent combustion

A

Fire retardant

568
Q

Assemblies that are typically 2 to 4 hour rated and are used to create “separate buildings” within an overall structure

A

Fire walls

569
Q

Resistant to fire

A

Flameproof

570
Q

Combustible that is capable of easily being ignited and rapidly consumed by fire

A

Flammable

571
Q

A firefighting system that provides for the delivery of a proportioned foam and water mixture for use in fire extinguishment

A

Foam system

572
Q

A fire protection system that provides for the transfer of halogenated agents between fire extinguishers, supply containers, and recharge and recovery containers so that none of the halogenated agents escape into the atmosphere

A

Halon system

573
Q

A fire-rated wall typically running from one exterior wall to another

A

Horizontal exit

574
Q

Class II standpipe system that supplies 100 gpm at 65 psi. Intended for use by building occupants

A

Houseline

575
Q

Flame resistance that is derived from an essential characteristic of the structural member

A

Inherent fire resistance

576
Q

A system component that originates transmission of a change of state condition, such as in smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch

A

Initiating device

577
Q

A compliation of fire-rated assemblies that have been tested by a testing laboratory and found to meet the minimum requirements of the test standard

A

Listing

578
Q

Dry standpipe system that does not have a permanent water supply attached to the system

A

Manual-dry standpipe system

579
Q

Wet standpipe system connected to a small water supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the system, but not having a water supply capable of delivering the system demand attached to the system

A

Manual-wet standpipe system

580
Q

A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire

A

Noncombustible

581
Q

Forcible attachment of a thermocouple to a steel column or beam

A

Peened

582
Q

Flow of air or an inert medium at a rate that will effectively remove any gaseous or suspended combustibles and replace them with air

A

Purge

583
Q

Device indicating an off-standard or abnormal condition by both visual and audible signals

A

Remote annuciator

584
Q

Standpipe system that is attached to a water supply capable of supplying the system demand at all times and that requires activation of a control device to provide water at hose connections

A

Semiautomatic-dry standpipe system

585
Q

When flipped, the fire alarm is silenced but still active

A

Silence switch

586
Q

A 1-hour fire-rated assembly that has also been designed and tested to minimize the migration of smoke

A

Smoke barrier

587
Q

System that utilize fans to produce pressure differences so as to manage smoke movement

A

Smoke control

588
Q

In the Steiner tunnel test, a calculation of smoke spread made by measuring the obscuration as the smoke passes a photoelectric cell placed in the stack from the test tunnel

A

Smoke developed

589
Q

System that introduces positive pressure into a stairwell to provide a tenable environment within the stair tower in the event of a building fire

A

Stairwell pressurization system

590
Q

The profile of the furnance temperatures that are dictated by the test standards NFPA 251, UL 263, and ASTM E-119

A

Standard time-temperature curve

591
Q

An arrangement of piping, valves, hose connections, and allied equipment installed in a building or structure, with the hose connections located in such a manner that water can be discharged in streams or spray patterns through attached hose and nozzles, for the purpose of extinguishing a fire, therby protecting a building or structure and its contents in addition to protecting the occupants

A

Standpipe system

592
Q

Acommon term that refers to NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

A

Steiner tunnel test

593
Q

An electircal temperature measuring device used in laboratory fire testing

A

Thermocouple

594
Q

Act and manner of discharging an agent for the purpose of achieving a specified minimum agent concentration throughout a compartment

A

Total flooding

595
Q

A switch that detects the movement of water in a sprinkler system and trasmits a signal to the alarm system

A

Water flow switch

596
Q

Distribution system connected to a water supply or water and atomizing media supplies that is equipped with one or more nozzles capable of delivering water mist intended to control, suppress, or extinguish fires and that has been demonstrated to meet the performance requirements of its listing

A

Water mist system

597
Q

Special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable fire protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected

A

Water spray system

598
Q

An automatic fire extinguishing system that discharges a wet chemical agent

A

Wet chemical system

599
Q

Defined area within the protected premises

A

Zone

600
Q

Smoke control system that includes smoke exhaust for the smoke zone and pressurization for all contiguous smoke control zones

A

Zoned smoke control

601
Q

Asbestos cement shingle

A

A “fireproof” roofing shingle that is composed of cement reinforced with asbestos fibers

602
Q

Asphalt Felt Siding

A

Type of siding manufactured by saturating a dry felt with asphalt, then coating it with a fine glass fiber

603
Q

Balloon Frame

A

A wooden structure in which all vertical studs in the exterior bearing walls extend the full height of the frame from sill to roof

604
Q

Batten

A

A type of siding that uses vertical strips of wood to cover joints

605
Q

Bottom plate

A

Structural member laid on the subfloor where the vertical studs are installed

606
Q

Bridging

A

Braces placed between parallel-frame members to prevent movement from their vertical axes

aka cross bracing

607
Q

Chamfer

A

To cut off the corners of a timber to retard ignition

608
Q

Chipboard

A

Wood chips that are glued together to make flat sheets

609
Q

Corrugated metal siding

A

Grooved panels utilized on industrial buildings of wood or steel framing

610
Q

Curtain wall

A

A non-load bearing wall htat carries no weight other than its own

611
Q

End matched

A

A descriptor for lumber with tongues and grooves at the end

612
Q

Engineered wood

A

Laminated timbers or wood modified from its natural state

613
Q

English Tudor

A

Balloon-frame structure finished to resemble post and frame construction

614
Q

Finger joints

A

Interlocking wood peices that are glued together to create a longer piece of dimensional lumber

615
Q

Glue laminated timber

A

Planks glued together to form a solid timber

616
Q

Heavy Timber

A

Buildings constructed with non-combustible or limited-combustible exterior walls and floors made of large-dimension combustible materials

617
Q

Hip

A

The rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs or sides of a roof meet

618
Q

Legacy construction

A

Use of solid wood members as opposed to lightweight wood trusses and wooden I-joists

619
Q

Log cabin

A

Structure constructed of entire tree trunks

620
Q

Lumber

A

Wood that has been sawn and planed

621
Q

Matched lumber

A

Tongue and grooved lumber

622
Q

Metal siding

A

Type of siding that is often made to look like another type of siding

623
Q

Mortise and Tenon

A

Joints that are fitted together to transfer loads properly

624
Q

Novelty siding

A

Combustible siding laid over the sheathing of a building

625
Q

Oriented flakeboard

A

Another name for OSB

626
Q

Plank and beam

A

Wood frame structure built with heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches

627
Q

Platform frame

A

Structure in which subflooring is laid on the joists, and the frame for the first-floor walls is erected

628
Q

Plywood

A

Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop equal strength in either direction

629
Q

Plywood siding

A

Four foot wide sheets that give the appearance of four inch wide strips about a half inch apart

630
Q

Post and frame

A

Wood frame structure with an identifiable frame or skeleton of timber fitted together

631
Q

Pyrolytic decomposition

A

Chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone

632
Q

Rafters

A

Wood members used to support the roof sheeting and loads

633
Q

Ridge board

A

Structural member placed on the ridge of the roof onto which the upper ends of rafters are fastened

634
Q

Rough carpentry

A

All of the wood framing members and sheathing of a building

635
Q

Rough lumber

A

Lumber that is left as sawn on all four sides

636
Q

Sawn Beam

A

Wooden beam sawn out of a tree trunk

637
Q

Sill

A

component found on the bottom of the frame of a wooden structure

638
Q

Soffit

A

False space above built-in cabinets, usually in a kitchen, or in the undersides of stairways and projecting eaves

639
Q

Spliced timber

A

Members that are joined together by various metal connectors to transfer loads so that the spliced timber acts as a single member

640
Q

Spline

A

Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacent planks to make a tight floor

641
Q

Stringers

A

A component of a set of stairs used to support risers and treads

642
Q

Stucco

A

An exterior plaster finish made of portland cement

643
Q

Stud

A

Column in a frame building

644
Q

Subflooring

A

Structural member that serves as the base for the finished floor

645
Q

Top plate

A

Top horizontal member of a wood frame wall that supports cieling joists

646
Q

Trimmer

A

Piece of lumber that supports a header

647
Q

Trunnel

A

Wooden peg used to pin together mortise and tenon joints

648
Q

Truss frame

A

Developed by the US Forest Products Laboratory, a type of wood frame that substitutes sawn beams for truss members used in roofs and floors

649
Q

Truss Void

A

Void space located between the floor ceiling and the roof

aka cockloft

650
Q

Valley

A

The lower slope formed by the connection of two inclined planes of a roof

651
Q

Vermiculite

A

Mineral used as bulk insulation and as an aggregate in insulating

652
Q

Vinyl siding

A

Thermoplastic that will deform and drip when introduced to a fire situation

653
Q

Wall bearing

A

A descriptor indicating a structure in which the entire structural load is carried on the walls

654
Q

Wood

A

Hard fibrous material forming the major part of trees

655
Q

Wood framed

A

Building with exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and roofs amde of combustible material

656
Q

Wood lath

A

Narrow, rough strips of wood nailed to studs

657
Q

Wooden-walled building

A

A wall-bearing building that carries the load of the structure and the contents

658
Q

A “fireproof” roofing shingle that is composed of cement reinforced with asbestos fibers

A

Asbestos cement shingle

659
Q

Type of siding manufactured by saturating a dry felt with asphalt, then coating it with a fine glass fiber

A

Asphalt Felt Siding

660
Q

A wooden structure in which all vertical studs in the exterior bearing walls extend the full height of the frame from sill to roof

A

Balloon Frame

661
Q

A type of siding that uses vertical strips of wood to cover joints

A

Batten

662
Q

Structural member laid on the subfloor where the vertical studs are installed

A

Bottom plate

663
Q

Braces placed between parallel-frame members to prevent movement from their vertical axes

aka cross bracing

A

Bridging

664
Q

To cut off the corners of a timber to retard ignition

A

Chamfer

665
Q

Wood chips that are glued together to make flat sheets

A

Chipboard

666
Q

Grooved panels utilized on industrial buildings of wood or steel framing

A

Corrugated metal siding

667
Q

A non-load bearing wall htat carries no weight other than its own

A

Curtain wall

668
Q

A descriptor for lumber with tongues and grooves at the end

A

End matched

669
Q

Laminated timbers or wood modified from its natural state

A

Engineered wood

670
Q

Balloon-frame structure finished to resemble post and frame construction

A

English Tudor

671
Q

Interlocking wood peices that are glued together to create a longer piece of dimensional lumber

A

Finger joints

672
Q

Planks glued together to form a solid timber

A

Glue laminated timber

673
Q

Buildings constructed with non-combustible or limited-combustible exterior walls and floors made of large-dimension combustible materials

A

Heavy Timber

674
Q

The rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs or sides of a roof meet

A

Hip

675
Q

Use of solid wood members as opposed to lightweight wood trusses and wooden I-joists

A

Legacy construction

676
Q

Structure constructed of entire tree trunks

A

Log cabin

677
Q

Wood that has been sawn and planed

A

Lumber

678
Q

Tongue and grooved lumber

A

Matched lumber

679
Q

Type of siding that is often made to look like another type of siding

A

Metal siding

680
Q

Joints that are fitted together to transfer loads properly

A

Mortise and Tenon

681
Q

Combustible siding laid over the sheathing of a building

A

Novelty siding

682
Q

Another name for OSB

A

Oriented flakeboard

683
Q

Wood frame structure built with heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches

A

Plank and beam

684
Q

Structure in which subflooring is laid on the joists, and the frame for the first-floor walls is erected

A

Platform frame

685
Q

Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop equal strength in either direction

A

Plywood

686
Q

Four foot wide sheets that give the appearance of four inch wide strips about a half inch apart

A

Plywood siding

687
Q

Wood frame structure with an identifiable frame or skeleton of timber fitted together

A

Post and frame

688
Q

Chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone

A

Pyrolytic decomposition

689
Q

Wood members used to support the roof sheeting and loads

A

Rafters

690
Q

Structural member placed on the ridge of the roof onto which the upper ends of rafters are fastened

A

Ridge board

691
Q

All of the wood framing members and sheathing of a building

A

Rough carpentry

692
Q

Lumber that is left as sawn on all four sides

A

Rough lumber

693
Q

Wooden beam sawn out of a tree trunk

A

Sawn Beam

694
Q

component found on the bottom of the frame of a wooden structure

A

Sill

695
Q

False space above built-in cabinets, usually in a kitchen, or in the undersides of stairways and projecting eaves

A

Soffit

696
Q

Members that are joined together by various metal connectors to transfer loads so that the spliced timber acts as a single member

A

Spliced timber

697
Q

Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacent planks to make a tight floor

A

Spline

698
Q

A component of a set of stairs used to support risers and treads

A

Stringers

699
Q

An exterior plaster finish made of portland cement

A

Stucco

700
Q

Column in a frame building

A

Stud

701
Q

Structural member that serves as the base for the finished floor

A

Subflooring

702
Q

Top horizontal member of a wood frame wall that supports cieling joists

A

Top plate

703
Q

Piece of lumber that supports a header

A

Trimmer

704
Q

Wooden peg used to pin together mortise and tenon joints

A

Trunnel

705
Q

Developed by the US Forest Products Laboratory, a type of wood frame that substitutes sawn beams for truss members used in roofs and floors

A

Truss frame

706
Q

Void space located between the floor ceiling and the roof

aka cockloft

A

Truss Void

707
Q

The lower slope formed by the connection of two inclined planes of a roof

A

Valley

708
Q

Mineral used as bulk insulation and as an aggregate in insulating

A

Vermiculite

709
Q

Thermoplastic that will deform and drip when introduced to a fire situation

A

Vinyl siding

710
Q

A descriptor indicating a structure in which the entire structural load is carried on the walls

A

Wall bearing

711
Q

Hard fibrous material forming the major part of trees

A

Wood

712
Q

Building with exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and roofs amde of combustible material

A

Wood framed

713
Q

Narrow, rough strips of wood nailed to studs

A

Wood lath

714
Q

A wall-bearing building that carries the load of the structure and the contents

A

Wooden-walled building

715
Q

Cast-iron box

A

An iron box built into a wall to recieve the end of a girder

716
Q

Chamfered Column

A

A wooden heavy timber column that has been cut at an angle (beveled) on each of the corners to make it more difficult for fire to ignite the column at that location

717
Q

Conflagration breeder

A

A structure that presents severe exposure problems that are capable of initiating conflagration

718
Q

Corbelled

A

A series of projections, each one stepped progressively outward from the vertical face of the wall as it rises up to support a cornice or overhanging member above

719
Q

Mill

A

The earliest form of heavy timber consturction

720
Q

Scupper

A

An outlet in a wall of a building for drainage of water from a floor or a flat roof

721
Q

Slow burning

A

A characteristic of a building that should allow a fire in that building be brought under control before the building itself becomes involved

722
Q

Type IV

A

Heavy timber construction

723
Q

An iron box built into a wall to recieve the end of a girder

A

Cast-iron box

724
Q

A wooden heavy timber column that has been cut at an angle (beveled) on each of the corners to make it more difficult for fire to ignite the column at that location

A

Chamfered Column

725
Q

A structure that presents severe exposure problems that are capable of initiating conflagration

A

Conflagration breeder

726
Q

A series of projections, each one stepped progressively outward from the vertical face of the wall as it rises up to support a cornice or overhanging member above

A

Corbelled

727
Q

The earliest form of heavy timber consturction

A

Mill

728
Q

An outlet in a wall of a building for drainage of water from a floor or a flat roof

A

Scupper

729
Q

A characteristic of a building that should allow a fire in that building be brought under control before the building itself becomes involved

A

Slow burning

730
Q

Heavy timber construction

A

Type IV

731
Q

Adobe

A

Large, roughly molded, sun-dried clay units of varying sizes

732
Q

Arched Truss

A

Truss with an arched uppper chord and a straight bottom chord, with vertical hangers between the two chords

733
Q

Ashlar masonry

A

Stone cut in rectangular units

734
Q

Cantilever wall

A

A freestanding wall unsecured at the top that acts like a cantilever beam with respect to lateral loads

735
Q

Cast-in-place concrete

A

Concrete that is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain

736
Q

Cockloft

A

Void space between the top floor ceiling and the roof

737
Q

Concrete topping

A

Concrete placed over the first-floor wood floors for fire resistance or to provide sanitary floors

738
Q

Coping

A

The masonry cap on top of a wall

739
Q

Cornice

A

A projecting decorative (ledge) at the top of a masonry wall

740
Q

Course

A

A horizontal line of masonry

741
Q

Dog iron

A

Connects the girders and imparts some lateral stability under normal conditions

742
Q

Fire limit

A

Older code provision that would not allow a structure to be built without the use of exterior masonry walls that would limit fire extension

743
Q

Fireproof

A

Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance

744
Q

Flying buttress

A

Masonry pier at a distance from the wall and connected to it that resists the outward thrust of the roof

745
Q

Header or bond course

A

Bricks laid so that the end is visible

746
Q

Hollow Masonry Wall

A

Two connected wythes of masonry with an air space in between

747
Q

Joist hanger

A

Metal angle or strap used to support an individual joist against a beam or a girder

748
Q

Light well

A

Small court commonly placed in large buildings to admit daylight into interior areas not exposed to an open view

749
Q

Masonry column

A

Mansory bracing incorporated into unstable masonry walls

750
Q

Masonry wire truss

A

Wire truss embedded into the mortar in specified courses

751
Q

Mezzanine

A

A low-ceilinged story located between two main stories

752
Q

Ordinary Construction

A

Buildings in which the exterior walls are noncombustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of combustible materials

753
Q

Parging (pargetting)

A

Application of mortar to the back of the facing material or the face of the backing material

754
Q

Pintle

A

Square metal device used to transfer loads of columns on upper floors by passing the loads through the intervening beams and girders to metal column caps on the column below

755
Q

Rubble masonry

A

Rough stones of irregular shapes and sizes, used in rough, uncoursed work in construction of walls and foundations

756
Q

Rubble masonry wall

A

A wall composed of an inner and outer wythe of coursed masonry

757
Q

Solid masonry walls

A

Masonry units laid contiguously with the joints filled with mortar

758
Q

Stretcher course

A

Bricks laid so that the long side is visible

759
Q

Strip mall

A

Modern one-story retail occupancy building that typically has a lightweight wood truss roof and concrete block walls or steel bar joists and metal deck roof with a masonry wall

760
Q

Tenement

A

Multistory working-class apartment buildings constructed in the 1800s and early 1900s, often substandard in the terms of fire safety and health

761
Q

Terra-cotta tile

A

Made of clay and fine sand and fired in a kiln

762
Q

Tied arch

A

Arch in which a steel tension rod ties the ends of the arch together to eliminate the need for the masonry

763
Q

Type III Construction

A

Ordinary construction

764
Q

Unreinforced masonry

A

Ordinary masonry walls are not reinforced, they have no resistance to lateral movement

765
Q

Veneer wall

A

A wall with a masonry facing that is not bonded but is attached to a wall so as to form an integral part of the wall

766
Q

Wythe

A

A single continuous vertical wall of bricks, one masonry unit of thickness

767
Q

Large, roughly molded, sun-dried clay units of varying sizes

A

Adobe

768
Q

Truss with an arched uppper chord and a straight bottom chord, with vertical hangers between the two chords

A

Arched Truss

769
Q

Stone cut in rectangular units

A

Ashlar masonry

770
Q

A freestanding wall unsecured at the top that acts like a cantilever beam with respect to lateral loads

A

Cantilever wall

771
Q

Concrete that is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain

A

Cast-in-place concrete

772
Q

Void space between the top floor ceiling and the roof

A

Cockloft

773
Q

Concrete placed over the first-floor wood floors for fire resistance or to provide sanitary floors

A

Concrete topping

774
Q

The masonry cap on top of a wall

A

Coping

775
Q

A projecting decorative (ledge) at the top of a masonry wall

A

Cornice

776
Q

A horizontal line of masonry

A

Course

777
Q

Connects the girders and imparts some lateral stability under normal conditions

A

Dog iron

778
Q

Older code provision that would not allow a structure to be built without the use of exterior masonry walls that would limit fire extension

A

Fire limit

779
Q

Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance

A

Fireproof

780
Q

Masonry pier at a distance from the wall and connected to it that resists the outward thrust of the roof

A

Flying buttress

781
Q

Bricks laid so that the end is visible

A

Header or bond course

782
Q

Two connected wythes of masonry with an air space in between

A

Hollow Masonry Wall

783
Q

Metal angle or strap used to support an individual joist against a beam or a girder

A

Joist hanger

784
Q

Small court commonly placed in large buildings to admit daylight into interior areas not exposed to an open view

A

Light well

785
Q

Mansory bracing incorporated into unstable masonry walls

A

Masonry column

786
Q

Wire truss embedded into the mortar in specified courses

A

Masonry wire truss

787
Q

A low-ceilinged story located between two main stories

A

Mezzanine

788
Q

Buildings in which the exterior walls are noncombustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of combustible materials

A

Ordinary Construction

789
Q

Application of mortar to the back of the facing material or the face of the backing material

A

Parging (pargetting)

790
Q

Square metal device used to transfer loads of columns on upper floors by passing the loads through the intervening beams and girders to metal column caps on the column below

A

Pintle

791
Q

Rough stones of irregular shapes and sizes, used in rough, uncoursed work in construction of walls and foundations

A

Rubble masonry

792
Q

A wall composed of an inner and outer wythe of coursed masonry

A

Rubble masonry wall

793
Q

Masonry units laid contiguously with the joints filled with mortar

A

Solid masonry walls

794
Q

Bricks laid so that the long side is visible

A

Stretcher course

795
Q

Modern one-story retail occupancy building that typically has a lightweight wood truss roof and concrete block walls or steel bar joists and metal deck roof with a masonry wall

A

Strip mall

796
Q

Multistory working-class apartment buildings constructed in the 1800s and early 1900s, often substandard in the terms of fire safety and health

A

Tenement

797
Q

Made of clay and fine sand and fired in a kiln

A

Terra-cotta tile

798
Q

Arch in which a steel tension rod ties the ends of the arch together to eliminate the need for the masonry

A

Tied arch

799
Q

Ordinary construction

A

Type III Construction

800
Q

Ordinary masonry walls are not reinforced, they have no resistance to lateral movement

A

Unreinforced masonry

801
Q

A wall with a masonry facing that is not bonded but is attached to a wall so as to form an integral part of the wall

A

Veneer wall

802
Q

A single continuous vertical wall of bricks, one masonry unit of thickness

A

Wythe

803
Q

Aluminum

A

Lightweight metal that is both malleable and nonmagnetic. Has very good conductivity

804
Q

Angles

A

Steel members that have two legs at right angles to one another

805
Q

Asphalt abestos protected metal (AAPM)

A

Asphalt coating that is combustible and used as a weather-protective coating on galvanized steel walls

806
Q

Bars

A

Plates fewer than 6 inches in width

807
Q

Box column

A

Large hollow column built from steel plates

808
Q

Bulbtee

A

Tee where the end of the cutoff is thickened

809
Q

Bulkhead

A

An upright partition that divides a ship into compartments and is meant to precent the spread of leakage or fire

810
Q

Castellated beam

A

A wide flange beam that has been cut in half in a zig-zag pattern and then welded back together in an offset manner, creating a new, deeper beam

811
Q

Cement-absteos board

A

Noncombustible material often used for friable construction

812
Q

Channel

A

Steel structural component that has a square U-shaped cross section

813
Q

Galvanized steel walls

A

Walls made of weatherized steel

814
Q

Glass fiber-reinforced plastic

A

A composite material made of plastic reinforced with glass fibers

815
Q

I-beam

A

Beam shaped like the letter “I”

816
Q

Interstitial space

A

Void space made by utilizing deep parallel-chord trusses

817
Q

Lattice column

A

Column made of vertical units connected with diagonal pieces

818
Q

Masonry walls

A

Most common walls for unproctected steel-framed buildings

819
Q

Metal panel

A

Prefabricated metal structure that is often made up in a sandwich construction to provide one unit combining thermal insulation and interior finish in a steel-framed structure

820
Q

Modulus of elasticity

A

A measurement of the ability of steel to distort and restore

821
Q

Peened

A

Embedded into the surface

822
Q

Plates

A

Flat pieces of steel

823
Q

Precast prestressed concrete panels

A

Concrete panels that are precast and brought to the construction site

824
Q

Purlins

A

Beams set at right angles to trusses or roof rafters

825
Q

Rolled or built-up members

A

Steel structural members; rolled members are one solid piece of metal; built-up members are made up of different sections riveted, bolted, or welded together

826
Q

Spandrel girders

A

Girders that tie wall columns together in a framed building

827
Q

Spandrel space

A

Distance between the top of one window and the bottom of the one above

828
Q

Steel expansion joints

A

A metal connection that allows for movement of floors

829
Q

Tee

A

A standard I-beam cut lengthwise through the web, forms two such beams with T-shaped cross sections

830
Q

Tin Ceiling

A

Embossed steel

831
Q

Triage

A

to evaluate and categorize

832
Q

Tube

A

A steel structural member that is rolled in cylindrical, square, or rectangular shapes

833
Q

Waler

A

A horizontal beam that ties rows of soldier beams together

834
Q

Wide flange shapes

A

I-beam that have flanges wider than standard I-beams

835
Q

Zees

A

Members with a Z-shaped cross section

836
Q

Lightweight metal that is both malleable and nonmagnetic. Has very good conductivity

A

Aluminum

837
Q

Steel members that have two legs at right angles to one another

A

Angles

838
Q

Asphalt coating that is combustible and used as a weather-protective coating on galvanized steel walls

A

Asphalt abestos protected metal (AAPM)

839
Q

Plates fewer than 6 inches in width

A

Bars

840
Q

Large hollow column built from steel plates

A

Box column

841
Q

Tee where the end of the cutoff is thickened

A

Bulbtee

842
Q

An upright partition that divides a ship into compartments and is meant to precent the spread of leakage or fire

A

Bulkhead

843
Q

A wide flange beam that has been cut in half in a zig-zag pattern and then welded back together in an offset manner, creating a new, deeper beam

A

Castellated beam

844
Q

Noncombustible material often used for friable construction

A

Cement-absteos board

845
Q

Steel structural component that has a square U-shaped cross section

A

Channel

846
Q

Walls made of weatherized steel

A

Galvanized steel walls

847
Q

A composite material made of plastic reinforced with glass fibers

A

Glass fiber-reinforced plastic

848
Q

Beam shaped like the letter “I”

A

I-beam

849
Q

Void space made by utilizing deep parallel-chord trusses

A

Interstitial space

850
Q

Column made of vertical units connected with diagonal pieces

A

Lattice column

851
Q

Most common walls for unproctected steel-framed buildings

A

Masonry walls

852
Q

Prefabricated metal structure that is often made up in a sandwich construction to provide one unit combining thermal insulation and interior finish in a steel-framed structure

A

Metal panel

853
Q

A measurement of the ability of steel to distort and restore

A

Modulus of elasticity

854
Q

Embedded into the surface

A

Peened

855
Q

Flat pieces of steel

A

Plates

856
Q

Concrete panels that are precast and brought to the construction site

A

Precast prestressed concrete panels

857
Q

Beams set at right angles to trusses or roof rafters

A

Purlins

858
Q

Steel structural members; rolled members are one solid piece of metal; built-up members are made up of different sections riveted, bolted, or welded together

A

Rolled or built-up members

859
Q

Girders that tie wall columns together in a framed building

A

Spandrel girders

860
Q

Distance between the top of one window and the bottom of the one above

A

Spandrel space

861
Q

A metal connection that allows for movement of floors

A

Steel expansion joints

862
Q

A standard I-beam cut lengthwise through the web, forms two such beams with T-shaped cross sections

A

Tee

863
Q

Embossed steel

A

Tin Ceiling

864
Q

to evaluate and categorize

A

Triage

865
Q

A steel structural member that is rolled in cylindrical, square, or rectangular shapes

A

Tube

866
Q

A horizontal beam that ties rows of soldier beams together

A

Waler

867
Q

I-beam that have flanges wider than standard I-beams

A

Wide flange shapes

868
Q

Members with a Z-shaped cross section

A

Zees

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