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Study Material > Key Terms 2 > Flashcards

Key Terms 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aggregrates

A

Any of a variety of materials added to a cement mixture to make concrete

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2
Q

Cables

A

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

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3
Q

Casting

A

Process of placing fluid concrete into molds in which the concrete is permitted to harden to a certain shape

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4
Q

Chairs

A

Small devices designed to keep the rods up off the surface of the form so concrete will flow underneath

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5
Q

Composite and combination columns

A

Columns that use steel and concrete combined into one unit

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6
Q

Composite construction

A

Buildings in which different load-bearing materials are used in different areas of the building

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7
Q

Continuous casting

A

Process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish

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8
Q

Continuous slipforming

A

Pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting may be accomplished

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9
Q

Drop panel

A

Thicker section of floor on top of columns to assist in resisting the natural tendency of the floor to shear off at the column

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10
Q

Excess flow valve

A

Valve that sense a sudden increased flow and shuts off flammable gas

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11
Q

Flat plate structural system

A

Cast-in-place floor in which there are no beams supported by columns

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12
Q

Formwork

A

Mold that shapes the concrete

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13
Q

Hollow tile

A

Tile unit composed of vertical hollow cells

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14
Q

Lally columns

A

Steel pipes filled with concrete to increase their load-carrying capacity

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15
Q

Left-in-place form

A

Concrete floors that are cast onto corrugated steel

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16
Q

Lift slab

A

Building construction where concrete slabs are cast on the ground and lifted into place

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17
Q

Mudsills

A

Planks on which formwork shores rest

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18
Q

Mushroom cap

A

Tapered extension at the tops of columns that assists in the transfer of loads from floor to column

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19
Q

One-way structural system

A

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in one direction only

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20
Q

Plain concrete

A

Concrete that has no reinforcement

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21
Q

Prestressing

A

Engineered stresses placed in architectural and structural concrete to offset the stresses that occur in the concrete when it is placed under load

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22
Q

Pretensioning and Post-tensioning

A

Processes by which steel tendons or rods are placed under tension, drawing the anchors together

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23
Q

Reshoring

A

Shores that are put back into concrete to help carry the load of the still-curing concrete

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24
Q

Skewbacks

A

Tiles shaped to fit around steel

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25
Q

Slipforming

A

Technique by which forms are moved upward as the concrete is poured

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26
Q

Spalling

A

Loss of surface material when concrete is subjected to heat

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27
Q

Strands

A

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

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28
Q

Stressing the tendons

A

Steel tendons are stretched and anchored at the ends of the unit

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29
Q

Temperature rods

A

Thin rods installed near the surface of concrete to the main reinforcing rods to help the concrete resist cracking due to temperature changes

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30
Q

Tendons

A

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

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31
Q

Two-way structural system

A

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in two directions

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32
Q

Underwriters block

A

Concrete blocks poured per Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.’s classifications

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33
Q

Waffle Concrete

A

Two-way structural system with closely spaced beams set at tight angles to one another in which unnecessary concrete is formed out

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34
Q

Biopolymers

A

A naturally produced plastic from renewable, living sources

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35
Q

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

A

PV systems that are incorporated into the building itself in the form of either PV shingles or PV wall panel systems

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36
Q

Cob

A

A composite material composed of clay, stray, sand , and earth

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37
Q

Gray Water

A

Wastewater from industrial processes laundries, and other sources

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38
Q

Inverter

A

A device used in a PV roof panel to convert DC to AC

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39
Q

Off-grid systems

A

PV systems that are not connected to a tradition public electrical grid; often in rural areas

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40
Q

Structural insulated panels (SIP)

A

“Stud-less” wall assemblies using a core of polyurethane

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41
Q

Structural insulated sheathing (SIS)

A

Installed as an exterior sheathing in wood-frame dwellings, providing structural stabilization, insulation, and a barrier to moisture

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42
Q

Sustainable construction

A

Construction that is deemed to be energy efficient and environmentally friendly; also known as green construction

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43
Q

Trombe wall

A

A set of glass exterior panels and concrete block wall with a void space in between

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44
Q

Anchor stores

A

Large stores attached to the mall that have all of their required exits independent of the mall

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45
Q

Atria

A

A large open space within a structure connecting two or more floors

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46
Q

Brick nogging

A

Brick and mortar filling between studs utilized as a makeshift fire barrieer

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47
Q

Calcination

A

The deterioration of a product by heating to high temperatures

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48
Q

Cold smoke

A

Smoke that falls downward

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49
Q

Control area

A

A building or portion of a building within which hazardous materials area allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities

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50
Q

Covered mall

A

A single building enclosing a number of tenants

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51
Q

Early suppression/fast response (ESFR)

A

Type of fast-response sprinkler capable of providing fire suppression of specific high-challenge fire hazards

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52
Q

Exit passageway

A

Hallways, corridors, passages, or tunnels used as exit components and separated from other parts of the building in accordance with NFPA 101: Life Safety Code

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53
Q

Friable

A

Easily disintergrated

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54
Q

Hazardous materials inventory statement (HMIS)

A

Lists the materials, hazards, and quantities of hazardous material products within a building

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55
Q

Hazardous materials management plan (HMMP)

A

Plan explains how hazardous materials are to be stored and safely used within a building

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56
Q

Idle pallet storage

A

Pallets without product

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57
Q

In-rack sprinklers

A

Sprinklers that are placed within racks to control fires where overhead sprinklers are not adequate

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58
Q

Inversion layer

A

A layer of air that is warmer than the air below

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59
Q

Landing zone

A

Zone that is 18 inches above or below the landing floor of an elevator

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60
Q

Lapse

A

The condition in which the atmospheric temperature is constantly decreasing as height increases

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61
Q

Nonambulatory people

A

Individuals who are not capable of self-preservation

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62
Q

Occupancy

A

Intended use of a building

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63
Q

Open office plan

A

Plan in which low-height partitions create cubicles for personal space

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64
Q

Passive fire protection

A

Material that is applied to a substrate and is designed to protect it from thermal effects

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65
Q

Pause

A

Layer of air warmer than the air below it

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66
Q

Platform

A

Raised area in a building for presentations

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67
Q

Projected beam detectors

A

Detectors that can cover large areas with a single beam light

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68
Q

Proscenium arch and wall

A

Large ornamental opening and wall that separates the audience from the stage

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69
Q

Pyrophoric gas

A

Gas that ignites in air without the introduction of an ignition source

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70
Q

RACE

A

R - remove all people in immediate danger to safety A - activate the manual pull station and call 911 C - close doors to confine the spread of smoke and fire E - extinguish the fire, if possible

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71
Q

Racks

A

Any combo of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that supports stored materials

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72
Q

Shelves

A

Storage on structures that are less than 2.5 feet deep, with shelves usually, and seldom exceeding 15 feet in total height

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73
Q

Ship’s ladder

A

A completely vertical stair with a width that is not more than 24 inches wide

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74
Q

Smoke barrier

A

A continuous membrane that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke

75
Q

Solid pile

A

Storage that is either box on box or pallet load on pallet load

76
Q

Stack effect

A

Vertical airflow within buildings caused by the temperature-created density differences between the building interior and exterior or two interior spaces

77
Q

Stage

A

Performance area in a theater that has a proscenium arch and wall

78
Q

Tuned-mass dampers

A

Heavy weights installed high up in a building that are adjusted computers to counter wind-induced oscillations

79
Q

90-degree wall collapse

A

A collapse in which an entire wall fails as one unit

80
Q

A-frame floor collapse

A

Collapse in which one end of the collapsed floor is supported by an interior wall, creating two void spaces

81
Q

Cantilever floor collapse

A

Collapse in which one end of the floor is still supported while the other end is unsupported

82
Q

Curtain wall collapse

A

Walls falls like a curtain

83
Q

Global (total) collapse

A

Results in the complete failure of the building

84
Q

Inward outward collapse

A

Collapse in which the exterior wall fails horizontally, with the interior wall “folding” horizontally

85
Q

Lean over collapse

A

Wooden building that shifts at the upper levels, leaning into adjacent buildings or totally collapsing sideways in the absence of adjacent buildings

86
Q

Lean-to-floor collapse

A

Collapse of a building’s floors in which one end of the floor is still supported

87
Q

Pancake collapse

A

Collapse of a building’s floors in a pancake stack fashion with each floor laying flat on top of the one below

88
Q

Partial collapse

A

Section of floor gives way without bringing down the rest of the building

89
Q

Progressive collapse

A

Extensive structural failure initiated by local structural damage or a chain reaction of failures following damage to a small portion of a structure

90
Q

Secondary collapse

A

Additional collapse that occurs after the initial collapse

91
Q

Situational awareness

A

Perception of the surroundings, the understanding and comprehension of these observations, and the projected outcome of a change in these conditions

92
Q

V-shaped floor collapse

A

Collapse in which the floor fails near its center, with the perimeter of the floor still partially supported by the walls

93
Q

Any of a variety of materials added to a cement mixture to make concrete

A

Aggregrates

94
Q

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

A

Cables

95
Q

Process of placing fluid concrete into molds in which the concrete is permitted to harden to a certain shape

A

Casting

96
Q

Small devices designed to keep the rods up off the surface of the form so concrete will flow underneath

A

Chairs

97
Q

Columns that use steel and concrete combined into one unit

A

Composite and combination columns

98
Q

Buildings in which different load-bearing materials are used in different areas of the building

A

Composite construction

99
Q

Process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish

A

Continuous casting

100
Q

Pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting may be accomplished

A

Continuous slipforming

101
Q

Thicker section of floor on top of columns to assist in resisting the natural tendency of the floor to shear off at the column

A

Drop panel

102
Q

Valve that sense a sudden increased flow and shuts off flammable gas

A

Excess flow valve

103
Q

Cast-in-place floor in which there are no beams supported by columns

A

Flat plate structural system

104
Q

Mold that shapes the concrete

A

Formwork

105
Q

Tile unit composed of vertical hollow cells

A

Hollow tile

106
Q

Steel pipes filled with concrete to increase their load-carrying capacity

A

Lally columns

107
Q

Concrete floors that are cast onto corrugated steel

A

Left-in-place form

108
Q

Building construction where concrete slabs are cast on the ground and lifted into place

A

Lift slab

109
Q

Planks on which formwork shores rest

A

Mudsills

110
Q

Tapered extension at the tops of columns that assists in the transfer of loads from floor to column

A

Mushroom cap

111
Q

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in one direction only

A

One-way structural system

112
Q

Concrete that has no reinforcement

A

Plain concrete

113
Q

Engineered stresses placed in architectural and structural concrete to offset the stresses that occur in the concrete when it is placed under load

A

Prestressing

114
Q

Processes by which steel tendons or rods are placed under tension, drawing the anchors together

A

Pretensioning and Post-tensioning

115
Q

Shores that are put back into concrete to help carry the load of the still-curing concrete

A

Reshoring

116
Q

Tiles shaped to fit around steel

A

Skewbacks

117
Q

Technique by which forms are moved upward as the concrete is poured

A

Slipforming

118
Q

Loss of surface material when concrete is subjected to heat

A

Spalling

119
Q

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

A

Strands

120
Q

Steel tendons are stretched and anchored at the ends of the unit

A

Stressing the tendons

121
Q

Thin rods installed near the surface of concrete to the main reinforcing rods to help the concrete resist cracking due to temperature changes

A

Temperature rods

122
Q

Special high-strength, cold-drawn steel cables

A

Tendons

123
Q

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in two directions

A

Two-way structural system

124
Q

Concrete blocks poured per Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.’s classifications

A

Underwriters block

125
Q

Two-way structural system with closely spaced beams set at tight angles to one another in which unnecessary concrete is formed out

A

Waffle Concrete

126
Q

A naturally produced plastic from renewable, living sources

A

Biopolymers

127
Q

PV systems that are incorporated into the building itself in the form of either PV shingles or PV wall panel systems

A

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

128
Q

A composite material composed of clay, stray, sand , and earth

A

Cob

129
Q

Wastewater from industrial processes laundries, and other sources

A

Gray Water

130
Q

A device used in a PV roof panel to convert DC to AC

A

Inverter

131
Q

PV systems that are not connected to a tradition public electrical grid; often in rural areas

A

Off-grid systems

132
Q

“Stud-less” wall assemblies using a core of polyurethane

A

Structural insulated panels (SIP)

133
Q

Installed as an exterior sheathing in wood-frame dwellings, providing structural stabilization, insulation, and a barrier to moisture

A

Structural insulated sheathing (SIS)

134
Q

Construction that is deemed to be energy efficient and environmentally friendly; also known as green construction

A

Sustainable construction

135
Q

A set of glass exterior panels and concrete block wall with a void space in between

A

Trombe wall

136
Q

Large stores attached to the mall that have all of their required exits independent of the mall

A

Anchor stores

137
Q

A large open space within a structure connecting two or more floors

A

Atria

138
Q

Brick and mortar filling between studs utilized as a makeshift fire barrieer

A

Brick nogging

139
Q

The deterioration of a product by heating to high temperatures

A

Calcination

140
Q

Smoke that falls downward

A

Cold smoke

141
Q

A building or portion of a building within which hazardous materials area allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities

A

Control area

142
Q

A single building enclosing a number of tenants

A

Covered mall

143
Q

Type of fast-response sprinkler capable of providing fire suppression of specific high-challenge fire hazards

A

Early suppression/fast response (ESFR)

144
Q

Hallways, corridors, passages, or tunnels used as exit components and separated from other parts of the building in accordance with NFPA 101: Life Safety Code

A

Exit passageway

145
Q

Easily disintergrated

A

Friable

146
Q

Lists the materials, hazards, and quantities of hazardous material products within a building

A

Hazardous materials inventory statement (HMIS)

147
Q

Plan explains how hazardous materials are to be stored and safely used within a building

A

Hazardous materials management plan (HMMP)

148
Q

Pallets without product

A

Idle pallet storage

149
Q

Sprinklers that are placed within racks to control fires where overhead sprinklers are not adequate

A

In-rack sprinklers

150
Q

A layer of air that is warmer than the air below

A

Inversion layer

151
Q

Zone that is 18 inches above or below the landing floor of an elevator

A

Landing zone

152
Q

The condition in which the atmospheric temperature is constantly decreasing as height increases

A

Lapse

153
Q

Individuals who are not capable of self-preservation

A

Nonambulatory people

154
Q

Intended use of a building

A

Occupancy

155
Q

Plan in which low-height partitions create cubicles for personal space

A

Open office plan

156
Q

Material that is applied to a substrate and is designed to protect it from thermal effects

A

Passive fire protection

157
Q

Layer of air warmer than the air below it

A

Pause

158
Q

Raised area in a building for presentations

A

Platform

159
Q

Detectors that can cover large areas with a single beam light

A

Projected beam detectors

160
Q

Large ornamental opening and wall that separates the audience from the stage

A

Proscenium arch and wall

161
Q

Gas that ignites in air without the introduction of an ignition source

A

Pyrophoric gas

162
Q

R - remove all people in immediate danger to safety A - activate the manual pull station and call 911 C - close doors to confine the spread of smoke and fire E - extinguish the fire, if possible

A

RACE

163
Q

Any combo of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that supports stored materials

A

Racks

164
Q

Storage on structures that are less than 2.5 feet deep, with shelves usually, and seldom exceeding 15 feet in total height

A

Shelves

165
Q

A completely vertical stair with a width that is not more than 24 inches wide

A

Ship’s ladder

166
Q

A continuous membrane that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke

A

Smoke barrier

167
Q

Storage that is either box on box or pallet load on pallet load

A

Solid pile

168
Q

Vertical airflow within buildings caused by the temperature-created density differences between the building interior and exterior or two interior spaces

A

Stack effect

169
Q

Performance area in a theater that has a proscenium arch and wall

A

Stage

170
Q

Heavy weights installed high up in a building that are adjusted computers to counter wind-induced oscillations

A

Tuned-mass dampers

171
Q

A collapse in which an entire wall fails as one unit

A

90-degree wall collapse

172
Q

Collapse in which one end of the collapsed floor is supported by an interior wall, creating two void spaces

A

A-frame floor collapse

173
Q

Collapse in which one end of the floor is still supported while the other end is unsupported

A

Cantilever floor collapse

174
Q

Walls falls like a curtain

A

Curtain wall collapse

175
Q

Results in the complete failure of the building

A

Global (total) collapse

176
Q

Collapse in which the exterior wall fails horizontally, with the interior wall “folding” horizontally

A

Inward outward collapse

177
Q

Wooden building that shifts at the upper levels, leaning into adjacent buildings or totally collapsing sideways in the absence of adjacent buildings

A

Lean over collapse

178
Q

Collapse of a building’s floors in which one end of the floor is still supported

A

Lean-to-floor collapse

179
Q

Collapse of a building’s floors in a pancake stack fashion with each floor laying flat on top of the one below

A

Pancake collapse

180
Q

Section of floor gives way without bringing down the rest of the building

A

Partial collapse

181
Q

Extensive structural failure initiated by local structural damage or a chain reaction of failures following damage to a small portion of a structure

A

Progressive collapse

182
Q

Additional collapse that occurs after the initial collapse

A

Secondary collapse

183
Q

Perception of the surroundings, the understanding and comprehension of these observations, and the projected outcome of a change in these conditions

A

Situational awareness

184
Q

Collapse in which the floor fails near its center, with the perimeter of the floor still partially supported by the walls

A

V-shaped floor collapse

Study Material (4 decks)

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