Key Terms Flashcards
Understand and be able to use key terms comfortably when writing or discussing an ethical issue
What is ‘Absolute Ethics’?
The belief that moral laws exist and apply to all. An ethical theory such as Kantianism which argues that ‘x’ should always be done, regardless of the circumstance.
What is ‘Teleological’?
Any ethical theory, such as Utilitarianism, which argues the goodness or badness of an action according to its consequences/end/telos.
What is ‘Relativist’?
The doctrine that knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture, society or historical context, and are not absolute.
What is ‘Deontological’?
Any ethical theory which argues that the rightness of an act lies in doing the right thing because it is the right thing in itself (intrinsically) - regardless of any consequence.
What is ‘Subjective’?
Subjectivism is the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth.
What is ‘Objective’?
The belief that certain things, especially moral truths, exist independently of human knowledge and perception of them.
What is ‘Normative’?
Ethical Theories which inform people how they should act.
What is ‘Synderesis’?
Innate principal in the moral consciousness of every person which directs the agent to good and restrains him from evil.
What is ‘Precept’?
A general rule intended to regulate behaviour or thought.
What is ‘Telos’?
This important term can be translated variously as ‘end’, ‘goal’ or ‘purpose’. According to Aristotle, we have a telos as humans, which it is our goal to fulfil. This telos is based on our unique human capacity for rational thought. Aristotle’s view of humans having a telos based in our rationality, leads directly to his conclusion in book X that contemplation is the highest human good.
What is ‘Universal’?
A ‘universal code of Ethics’ is a system of ethics that can apply to every sentient being.
What is ‘Purpose’?
The reason for which something is done or created, or for which something exists.
