Key Terms

Question 1

Wave

Answer 1

Water which is moving because of the wind (frictional drag over the ocean)

Question 2

Constructive wave

Answer 2

A wave that brings sand and pebbles onto the beech (swash)

Question 3

Destructive wave

Answer 3

A wave that pulls sand and pebbles into the ocean (backwash)

Question 4

Erosion

Answer 4

When a cliff for example is being weared away by water

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

Particles being transported by the sea hit of one another reducing their size and making them more rounded

Question 6

Abrasion/corrasion

Answer 6

When a wave hits the coast, it throws sand and pebbles against the cliff face. These knock of small parts of the cliff and cause undercutting

Question 7

Hydraulic action

Answer 7

The power of the sea can physically wash away soft rocks, also air can be trapped in small cracks, this compressed air can widen the cracks

Question 8

Solution/corrosion

Answer 8

Sea water can dissolve the softer rocks like limestone, this can make spectacular caves

Question 9

Transportation

Answer 9

The sea water can transport materials

Question 10

Long shore drift

Answer 10

Prevailing wind makes waves at an angle causing a large swash and a somewhat weak backwash, so heavier pebbles stay at the back of the beech

Question 11

Deposition

Answer 11

Sand and shingle being transported by the sea can be deposited on beeches

Question 12

Coastal landforms

Answer 12

Large features within a coastal area formed by processes such as erosion and deposition

Question 13

Headland

Answer 13

A point along a coastline where rock extends further out into the sea than the rocks on either side

Question 14

Cliff

Answer 14

A vertical rock face along the coast

Question 15

Wave cut platform

Answer 15

A narrow flat area often seen at the base of a cliff caused by erosion

Question 16

Cave

Answer 16

A natural underground chamber in a hillside or cliff

Question 17

Beech

Answer 17

Gently sloping areas of land, found between the high and low water tide marks

Question 18

Shingle beech

Answer 18

Steep, large particle size, weak backwash, percolation, energy of waves reduces by friction

Question 19

Sandy beech

Answer 19

Gently sloping, small particle size, backwash removes material, less friction

Question 20

Spit

Answer 20

Depositional features made of sand that look like beaches and extend out from the mainland into the sea

Question 21

Hooked spit

Answer 21

A spit that has curved due to a change in wind direction

Question 22

Coastal defences

Answer 22

Defences that protect the city from flooding or erosion

Question 23

Coastal management strategies

Answer 23

Strategies used to protect the coast from erosion, flooding or long shore drift

Question 24

Hard engineering

Answer 24

Building artificial structures along the coastline to reduce erosion or manage deposition

Question 25

Sea walls

Answer 25

Walls built at the back of beaches to prevent erosion of the land

Question 26

Groynes

Answer 26

Low fences stretching seawards along a beach to prevent long shore drift

Question 27

Gabions

Answer 27

A metal cage measuring about 1m x 1m stacked together to reduce the energy of waves

Question 28

Beach nourishment

Answer 28

Sand is dredged from the sea bed and added to an eroded beach

Question 29

Managed retreat

Answer 29

A decision to allow nature to take its course

Question 30

Solution (longshore drift)

Answer 30

Soluble minerals dissolve in the water and are carried in solution

Question 31

Suspension

Answer 31

The smallest load, like fine sand is held up continually within the river

Question 32

Saltation

Answer 32

The bouncing of medium sized load, like small pebbles and stones bouncing along the riverbed

Question 33

Traction

Answer 33

The rolling of large rocks along the river bed, this requires a lot if energy, this can also be called bed load