Key Terms

Question 1

Transformation

Answer 1

One strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

Virus that infects bacteria

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

Monomer of nucleate acid’s made up of five – carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 4

Base Pairing

Answer 4

Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Question 6

Histone

Answer 6

Protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

Question 7

Replication

Answer 7

Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Question 9

Messenger RNA

Answer 9

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acid into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Question 10

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 10

type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribozymes

Question 11

Transfer RNA

Answer 11

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during proteins synthesis

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA

Question 13

RNA Polymerase

Answer 13

Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain