Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 406 > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

US branch of government responsible for health& welfare of citizens

A

Department of Health & Human Services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difference in the quality of healthcare delivered or obtainable, often tied to race or ethnicity or SES

A

health disparities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A US national consensus plan with specific health goals

A

Healthy People 2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing the more than 16 million nurses worldwide

A

International Council of Nurses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eight goals that all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015 to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, & discrimination against women

A

Millennium Development Goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Agencies that use both governmental and nongovernmental resources

A

multilateral agencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

comprised of measure of costs of healthcare goods and services in the US

A

National health expenditure accounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

agency that acquires resources to help others from private sources

A

nongovernmental organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A group that collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters

A

Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An organization that uses endowments or private funding to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

A

Philanthropic organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Person who leaves their place of origin and cannot return because of a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons that include race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group,, or political opinion

A

refugees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

international organization that uses funds from developed countries to help initiatives of developing countries

A

world bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

International center that collects data, advances initiativces, and offers support related to public health

A

World Health Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An economic approach or analysis tool used to evaluate the effectivess of a treatment or intervention.

A

cost-benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors that are learned in order to provide the optimal health service to individuals from a variety of ethnic, racial, and cultural backgrounds

A

cultural competency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The study of how individuals, groups, organization,s and society allocate and utilize finances, personnel, time, and physical space as components of resources.

A

Economics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

As applied to healthrecare, the notion that healthcare does not vary in quality because of gender, race, ethnicity, geographic location, or SES

A

equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The main economic indicator used to evaluate the degree of economic growth in the US.

A

Gross domestic product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Policy that has an impact on th ehealth in an individual, a family, a population, or a community and is created by the government, institutions, or professional associations.

A

healthy policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome. Guidlines that direct individual’s behavior toward a specific goal.

A

policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

knowledge, values, practices, customs, and beliefs of a group

A

culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

any nursing encounter in which rthe client and nurse are from different cultures

A

cross-cultural or transcultural nursing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

openness to others’ ideas and ways of life; respect, curiosity, patience and self-awareness of one’s own culture and culturally mediated ideas.

A

cultural competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

culturally appropriate health services to disadvantaged groups while stressing dignity and avoiding institutional racism, assimilation, and repressive practices

A

cultural safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the assumption that others believe and behave as the dominant culture does, or the belief that the dominant culture is superior to others

A

ethnocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A group sharing some practices, language, or other characteristics in common, within a larger society that does not share those characteristics

A

subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

attention is directed to community strengths and resources as a primary approach to community assessment.

A

asset-based assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

An approach to assessment that begins with planning that includes representative parties of a poulation, including service organizations, corporations, and government officials

A

collaborative models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A group of peole sharing common interests, needs, resources, and environment; an interrelating and interacting group of peole with shared needs and interests.

A

community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Within the process of community assessment, considering the expertise of community dwellers as central to the task of understanding the health and well-being of the community.

A

community as partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A retrospective, historical analysis of system parameters such as the physical environment, education, safety, and transportation, politics and government, health and social services, communication, economics and recreation in a community.

A

Developmental model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A process used to assess a community using data collected from descriptions and statistical relationships to evaluate the level of health and well being within a community to address identified healthcare needs.

A

Epidemiologic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A model or a road map that assists the direction toward a goal

A

Framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A systematic an deliberate approach to community assessment, evaluating patterns of behaviors of community dwellers that occur sequentially across time.

A

FUnctional health pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Group of people who live with identified boundaries and governing systems.

A

geopolitical community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Group of people who have interpersonal and intrapersonal connections.

A

phenomenologic community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Observation of a community while driving or riding to collect data for a community assessment.

A

windshield survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

fatigue or frustration expressed by persons who care for convalescing or chronically ill persons on a daily basis

A

caregiver burden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Two or more persons who share emotional closeness and identify themselves together

A

family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A diagram used to identify the direction and intensity of family relationships between members and or community institutions of importance to the family

A

ecomap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the process community health nurses make to appraise family healthcare needs.

A

family assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

family health protection and promotion behaviors directed health health risks that family members can or cannot control directly

A

family risk reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A loose organization of concepts used to explain a phenomenon in nursing.

A

Framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

A diagram of family relationships between blood relativces that can span two or more generations used to identify relationships as well as possible patterns of disease

A

Genogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

A nursing theory that is used as a broad explanation of human experience or environment

A

Grand nursing theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

THe process families use to perceive the health status of its members

A

Health appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Differences or inconsistencies in healthcare delivery that frequently occur with families with low SES

A

health disparities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Person who provides information for eithe rhimself or herself, or for someone who is unable to do so.

A

Informant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The differences expressed between people of different generations.

A

Intergenerational diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The effect of stressors on families that make members less sensitive and loving to each other.

A

Intrafamily strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The effect of stressors on a couple in a relationship that make them less sensitive and loving to each other

A

marital strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The number of persons likely to have an identified disorder in a defined group versu th enumber of persons likely to have the identified disorder in a control group.

A

Odds ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Permeability between two boundaries

A

Spillover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

A group that works on the principle that each part contributes to the way the whole functions

A

System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

A system of interrelated statements that is used to explain, predict, control, or understand a phenomenon

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The amount of a substance that is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiological activity

A

Bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Process of using medical tests such as blood or urine collection to determine whether a person has been exposed to a contaminant and how much exposure they received

A

Biomonitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Field of public health science that focuses on the incidence and prevalence of disease or illness in a population from exposures in their environments.

A

Environmental epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

A field of public health science that focuses on how th enevironment influences human health.

A

Environmental Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

The belief that no group of peole should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental health consequences

A

Environmental justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

The amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body.

A

Exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Factors that determine a person’s level of exposure to a contaminant.

A

Exposure estimate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Method by which peole are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source.

A

Exposure pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Process to help determine whehter an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants.

A

Exposure history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

If something has the potential tocause harm to humans or the environment, then precautionary measures should be taken even if there is a lack of scientific evidence for cause and effect.

A

Precautionary principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Communities that optimize the physical, social, and economic environments of the community.

A

Healthy communities

67
Q

Process to determine the likelihodd or probability that adverse effects such as illness or disease will occu rin a group of people because of an exposure to an environmental contaminant.

A

Risk assessment

68
Q

The study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment.

A

Toxicology

69
Q

The social conditions in which people live, their income, their social status, their education, their literacy leve, their home and work environments, their support networks, their gender, their culture, and the availability of health services

A

Social determinants of health

70
Q

Gaps in care experienced by one population compared with another

A

health disparities

71
Q

3 core functions of government

A

1) assess healthcare problems
2) develop healthcare policy
3) ensure services are delivered & outcomes are achieved

72
Q

Act of legislation that helps provide affordable health insurance to most Americans, lower costs, improve access to primary care, add to preventive care and prescription benefits, offer coverage to pre-existing conditions, and extend young adult’s coverage under their parent’s policies.

A

The patient protection and affordable care act

73
Q

measures trends in the effectiveness of care, patient safety, timeliness of care, patient centeredness, and efficiency of care.

A

National Healthcare Quality Report & National Healthcare Disparities Report

74
Q

Considers cultural traditions, personal preferences, values, families, & lifestyles.

A

Patient centered care

75
Q

Has developed a series of tools to assist clients in making healthcare decisions

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

76
Q

The comprehensive management of health information and its exchange

A

Health information technology

77
Q

The Nationwide health information network’s conceptual model consists of:

A

Privacy & security, interoperability, adoption & collaborative governance.

78
Q

Goal 1 & 2 of NwHIN’s conceptual model

A

1) patient-focused healthcare

2) population health

79
Q

Overarching goals of Healthy People 2020

A

1) Attain higher-quality longer lives free of disease
2) Achieve health equity
3) Create social & physical environments that promote health
4) Promote healthy quality of life

80
Q

Principles of public health

A 
Focus on the aggregate
promote prevention
encourage community organization
Practice beneficence (greater good)
Model leadership in health
Use epidemiologic knowledge & methods
81
Q

The public health nursing intervention wheel is:

A

1) population based model
2) applies to individuals, families, communities, or within systems
3) defines 17 public helath interventions focused on prevention

82
Q

A home health agency that is motivated by a for-profit philosophy

A

Proprietary agent

83
Q

Coordination of a plan or process to bring health services together as a common whole in a cost-effective way

A

Care management

84
Q

Development and coordination of care for a selected client and family

A

Case management

85
Q

A framework of fiscal management that emphasizes cost containment

A

managed care

86
Q

A home health agency that exists at the bequest of local, state, or federal legislation

A

Official agency

87
Q

The requirement for reimbursement of services in home care

A

skilled care

88
Q

A home health agency that is motivated by a not-for-profit philosphy.

A

Voluntary agency

89
Q

The evaluation of healthcare interventions and the actions taken to attain effective and efficient outcomes

A

care management

90
Q

A collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation,a nd advocacy for options and services to meet an individual’s health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality cost efective outcomes

A

case management

91
Q

____ ____ can be considered a building block of care management

A

case management

92
Q

A system of coordinated healthcare interventions an dcommunications for groups of peole wit hconditions in which client self care efforts are significant.

A

disease management

93
Q

Case manager’s role includes:

A 
advocacy & education
clinical care coordination/facilitation
continuity/transition management
utilization/financial management
performance and outcomes management
psychosocial management
research & practice development
94
Q

A system where reimbursement rates are set, for a given period of time, prior to the circumstances giving rise to actual reimbursement claims

A

Prospective reimbursement

95
Q

Home healthcare agencies may be:

A

private/voluntary agencies, hospital based, proprietary, or official

96
Q

Home healthcare is regulated by:

A

the state and federal government

97
Q

The assessment used to develop a client’s plan of care

A

Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)

98
Q

Items in the OASIS tool

A

SES, environmental, health, functional health, personal supportdata, & status of adult clients in pre or postnatal state.

99
Q

Organization model includes a client assessment, careplans & services, and client change/evaluation.

A

Omaha system

100
Q

Nonskilled care:

A

changing a dry dressing, teaching how to pay bills, manageing care after all skilled needs are stabilized, pouring meds in containers, visiting to decrease loneliness

101
Q

The 5 phases of a home visit:

A

1) initiating the visit
2) preparation
3) the actual visit
4) termination of the visit
5) postvisit planning

102
Q

Intrinsic factors related to falls

A

age, hx of falls, female, cognitive impairment, health status

103
Q

The establishment of the plan of care is done during the __ phase of a home visit

A

postvisit planning

104
Q

The 4 principal approaches used in motivational interviewing:

A

1) express empathy
2) support self-efficacy,
3) roll with resistance
4) find a discrepancy

105
Q

The 3 types of services provided by school health nurses

A

1) acute illness & playground injury
2) typical screenings/immunizations
3) counseling

106
Q

The primary source of information for drug and alcohol use in the civilian population

A

Substance abuse and mental health services administration SAMHSA

107
Q

the innoculation phase of prevention which is designed to introduce knowledge

A

primary prevention

108
Q

The early relevance phase, when information is likely to have meaning and applicability to students

A

secondary prevention

109
Q

The later relevance phase, when young people are being exposed to new situatiosn involving experimentation

A

tertiary prevention

110
Q

programs should be designed as ___ focused, rather than knowledge-based

A

behavior

111
Q

Includes programs on exercising to maintain health, smoking cessation, and heart-healthy eating.

A

Primary prevention

112
Q

Includes creening for hypertension and setting up screenings such as mammogram vans or other tests to diagnose problems early.

A

Secondary prevention

113
Q

Includes mimizing the effects of health problems and maximizing function for people with health conditions

A

tertiary prevention

114
Q

healthy people 2020 leading health indicators

A

physical activity, weight control, tobacco use, substance abuse, sexual behavior, mental health, injury & violence, environmental quality, immunization, access to healthcare

115
Q

Nursing process in public health

A 
Assessment 
Diagnosis
Outcome identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
116
Q

A patient can get Medicare hospice benefits when they meet ALL of these conditions:

A

eligible for Medicare Part A
Physician certifies pt will live < 6 months
Signed patient statement
Care is from a Medicare-approved hospice program

117
Q

Stages of dying/grief

A

denial, anger, bargaining & acceptance

118
Q

The preferred choice when patient confronts his or her mortality and considers less agressive treatment

A

comfort measure only

119
Q

CMO does/does not mean nursing care & treatments stop

A

does NOT

120
Q

legal documents that allow people to convey their wishes fo rend of life care

A

advance directives

121
Q

T/F The DNR is not effective until an order is written

A

true

122
Q

Interdisciplinary team based care that is focused on the relief of suffering for patients with serious illness

A

palliative care

123
Q

The focus of palliative care:

A

controlling symptoms
Coordinating care
reducing unnessesary tests and futile interventions
ongoing conversations with the patient and family

124
Q

neuropathic, mild pain requires use of:

A

adjuvant drugs

125
Q

moderate pain necessitates the use of:

A

low dose opioids

126
Q

severe pain necessitates the use of:

A

high dose opioids (first line treatment)

127
Q

short acting or immediate release agents should only be used for:

A

breakthrough pain

128
Q

If a patient chooses to refuse food and drink, the nurse should:

A

consider this a rational decision and offer emotional and psychological support

129
Q

A clinician can pronounce death if:

A

The pupils are fixed & dilate & heart has stopped beating

130
Q

____ is the emotional felt after loss

A

grief

131
Q

___ is the recovery from loss

A

mourning

132
Q

phases of grief:

A

numb shock
emotional turmoil or depression
reorganization or resolution

133
Q

Formed by an aggregate specifically to address health concerns within a particular area

A

communities of solution

134
Q

The two main reasons to conduct a community assessment

A

to gain information and clarify need for change

To empower those responsible for implementing that change

135
Q

Epidemiologic methods can identify patterns of health & social equity by:

A

describing the disease or disability
determininng relationships
developing & testing interventions

136
Q

represents a configuration of behaviors that occur sequentially across time

A

pattern

137
Q

If the exposure pathway is not complete or if it can be disrupted, the contaminant of concern should/should not affect human health.

A

should not

138
Q

Exposure pathway consists of these 5 parts:

A

1) source of contamination
2) environmental media & transport
3) point of exposure
4) route of exposure
5) receptor population

139
Q

examples of entitlement programs

A

Medicare, medicaid, WIC

140
Q

Funding for the healthcare system in the US comes primarily from:

A

privately owned health insurance companies

141
Q

Areas in which DHHS has oversight:

A

infant mortality, cancer screening, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, immunizations

142
Q

The most powerful indivdiauls in the healthcare system are:

A

health administrators

143
Q

The process of influencing the allocation of resources needed to enable policies, and involves the stranetgies needed to achieve the desired goals.

A

politics

144
Q

Policy cycle

A 
setting an agenda
policy formulation
policy adoptiion
policy implementation
policy assessment
policy modification
145
Q

Costs not directly assigned to the patient

A

indirect costs

146
Q

The IOM lists these dimensions of healthcare systems that should be considered when quality, cost, and access are examined:

A

safety, effectiveness, patient centeredness, timeliness, equality

147
Q

As identified by the IOM, the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired outcomes,a nd are consistent with current knowledge

A

Quality of care

148
Q

The role of the nurse in the interprofessional team

A

identify potentially ethics related situations and address these issues

149
Q

That which occupies the space between peole in the world.

A

Culture

150
Q

how people approach the world

A

culture

151
Q

Culture is neither ___ nor ______

A

static; deterministic

152
Q

Race can be thought of as a ____

A

subculture

153
Q

race is a ___ not a ____

A

social construct; biological entity

154
Q

Greater emphasis on a divine influence rather than health and illness

A

macroreligious

155
Q

every clinical encounter is a ___ ____

A

cultural exchange

156
Q

An acknowledgement that everyone’s views are culturally influenced, that our own are not inherently better than those of our clients, and that our clients can teach us.

A

cultural humility

157
Q

How wealth, rights, work, and so on are shared fairly within a community

A

distributive justice

158
Q

Equitable sharing of both the common burdens and the common benefits or advantages of a society

A

social justice

159
Q

Health is one of personal individual responsibility, and health care and other social goods are treated as social commodities or economic goods.

A

market justice

160
Q

Sequential approach to behavioral change that involves timely readiness for the learner.

A

transtheoretical model

161
Q

5 steps of transtheoretical mdoel

A 
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
162
Q

Phases of motivational interviewing

A

Engaging stage
focusing stage
evoking stage
planning stage

163
Q

OARS of relationship building

A

open ended questions
affirmations
reflections
summaries

NUR 406 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions