Key Terms

Question 1

Scavenging

Answer 1

Homo Habilis were scavengers (bone marrow)

Question 2

Post-canine megadonita

Answer 2

Enlargement of molars and premolars found in Paranthropus

Question 3

Post-orbital constriction

Answer 3

Australopithecines and Paranthropus have high post-orbital constriction.

Homo Habilis,homo erectus,and homo Heidelbergensis, have moderate post-orbital constriction.

Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens have slight/minimal post-orbital constriction.

Question 4

Canine diastema

Answer 4

Found in Australopithecines, a gap between canines that allows teeth to interlock

Question 5

Dental arcade

Answer 5

Australopithecines, Paranthropus, have u shape dental arcade.

Homo habilis and homo erectus have less u shaped with reduction in teeth size.

Homo Heidelbergensis,homo neanderthalensis, and homo sapiens have parabolic dental arcade.

Question 6

Encephalization

Answer 6

Larger and more complex brain began in homo habilis

Question 7

Supra-orbital bridge (brow bridge)

Answer 7

Australopithecines have prominent supra-orbital ridge

Paranthropus and homo neanderthalensis have pronounced supra-orbital ridge

Homo habilis has moderate supra-orbital ridge

Homo erectus,homo Heidelbergensis have moderate to prominent supra-orbital ridge

Homo sapiens have slight to moderate supra orbital bridge

Question 8

Lower-facial prognathism

Answer 8

Australopithecines

Paranthropus

Homo habilis (less lower facial prognathism)

Homo erectus and homo Heidelbergensis (moderate lower facial prognathism)

Homo sapiens (minimal lower facial prognathism)

Question 9

Mid-facial prognathism

Answer 9

Homo neanderthalensis

Question 10

Projectile point

Answer 10

Spear point (homo sapiens used upper patleolithic)

Question 11

Upper Paleolithic (homo sapiens)

Answer 11

Art made from charcoal

Throwing spears

Harpoons

Needles made from bones for sewing

Cattle depicted on walls

Question 12

Occipital bun

Answer 12

Slightly elongated brain shape in homo neanderthalensis (long and low cranium)

Question 13

Sagittal crest

Answer 13

Found In Paranthropus attachment for temporalis muscle (chewing muscles)😁

Question 14

Zygomatic arch (cheeks)

Answer 14

Australopithecines and
Homo habilis have wide zygomatic arch (but not as wide as Australopithecus)

Paranthropus have wide and flaring zygomatic arch

Homo erectus’s zygomatic arch is no longer the widest part of the skull

Question 15

Nuchal crest/nuchal ridge

Answer 15

For neck muscles

Question 16

Sagittal keel in homo erectus and homo Heidelbergensis

Answer 16

The Sagittal keel (torus) is a thickening of bone on part or all of the midline of the frontal bone, or parietal bones where they meet along the sagittal suture, or on both bones.