Key Terms

Question 1

carbohydrate

Answer 1

the category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches

Question 2

cell

Answer 2

the basic structural and functional unit of the living organism, a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

a thread-like body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

Question 4

cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

the fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

the genetic compound of the cell, makes up the genes; deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 7

enzyme

Answer 7

an organic substance that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

a hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form chromosomes

Question 9

glucose

Answer 9

a simple sugar that circulates the blood, the main energy source for metabolism

Question 10

histology

Answer 10

study of tissues

Question 11

homeostasis

Answer 11

a steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy

Question 12

lipid

Answer 12

a category of organic compounds that includes fats

Question 13

membrane

Answer 13

a simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue that might cover an organ, line a cavity, or separate structures

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Question 15

mitosis

Answer 15

cell division

Question 16

mucus

Answer 16

a thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues

Question 17

nucleus

Answer 17

the cell’s control center; directs all cellular activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes

Question 18

organ

Answer 18

a part of the body with a specific function, a component of a body system

Question 19

organelle

Answer 19

a specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 20

protein

Answer 20

a category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

an organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells; ribonucleic acid

Question 22

tissue

Answer 22

a group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose

Question 23

ATP

Answer 23

the energy compound of a cell that stores energy needed for cell activities; adenosine triphosphate