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R.S Judaism GCSE > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Aron Hakodesh

A

The Ark. A part of the synagogue containing Torah scrolls.

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2
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

Celebration of a boy coming of age at 13. Literally ‘Son of the Commandment’.

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3
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

Celebration of a girl coming of age at 12, in reform synagogue. Literally ‘Daughter of Commandment’.

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4
Q

Bet Din

A

Religious court made of Rabbis

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5
Q

Bimah

A

A platform in a synagogue from which the Torah is read.

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6
Q

Brit Milah

A

Circumcision; the removal of the foreskin for religious reasons.

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7
Q

Chametz

A

Leavened food, prohibited during the festival of Pesach (Passover).

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8
Q

Chazzan

A

A person who leads or chants prayers in the synagogue

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9
Q

The covenant

A

The word covenant is best described as a way of understanding God’s relationship with man. God’s agreement to look after the Jews as his chosen people.

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10
Q

Days of Repentance

A

The time when Jews say sorry for what they have done or failed to do

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11
Q

Discrimination

A

To act against someone on the bases of race, religion, sex, etc. Discrimination is usually seen as wrong.

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12
Q

Divorce

A

Legal ending of a marriage

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13
Q

Equality

A

That people should be given rights and opportunities regardless of religion, race, sex, etc.

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14
Q

Gemara

A

A commentary on the Mishnah

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15
Q

Haggadah

A

Text read during the Passover Seder recounting the story of the Exodus

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16
Q

Halakhah

A

The code of conduct of Jewish life. Ever changing. The way in which to keep the 613 Jewish commandments

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17
Q

Hashem

A

A name used by many Jews in ordinary conversation to refer to God

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18
Q

Holocaust

A

The murder of six million Jews (and others) during World War 2

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19
Q

Israel

A
  1. The ancient name for Jewish people
  2. The modern Jewish county in the Middle East
  3. Literally means ‘one who struggles with God’.
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20
Q

Justice

A

Bringing about what is right, fair according to the law or making up for a wrong that has been committed.

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21
Q

Kaddish

A

An important and central prayer in the Jewish prayer service.

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22
Q

Ketuvim

A

The third section of the Tenakh - the writings.

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23
Q

Kippah

A

A skull cap.

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24
Q

Kol Nidre

A

The opening prayer on the eve of Yom Kippur.

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25
Q

Kosher

A

Foods which the Jewish laws allow.

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26
Q

Marriage

A

A legal union between a man and a woman.

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27
Q

Matzah

A

The unleavened bread eaten at Passover (Pesach).

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28
Q

Menorah

A

A seven-branched candle stick.

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29
Q

Messianic Age

A

When God’s Anointed One will come and lead the Jews.

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30
Q

Mezuzah

A

A scroll, containing the Shema.

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31
Q

Minyan

A

A quorum of then men required for a service.

32
Q

Mishnah

A

The first written version of the oral tradition; the authoritative document was put together in 200 C.E.

33
Q

Mitzvoth

A

Jewish rules or commandments.

34
Q

Ner Tamid

A

A light kept burning in the synagogue - continual light.

35
Q

Nevi’im

A

The second section of the Tenakh - the prophets.

36
Q

Orthodox Jews

A

Jews who believe God gave the complete Torah to Moses and therefore live according to Jewish laws and tradition.

37
Q

Persecution

A

Oppression or maltreatment of people because of their beliefs, race, religion.

38
Q

Pesach (Passover)

A

Festival in remembrance of the Jewish Exodus from Egypt. Celebrated in spring.

39
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey by a Christian to a holy site, e.g. Lourdes. Pilgrimage is itself an act of worship and devotion.

40
Q

Prejudice

A

Unfairly judging someone before the facts are known. Holding biased opinions about an individual or group.

41
Q

Rabbi

A

A religious leader or teacher.

42
Q

Redeemer

A

One who redeems and saves themselves from the consequences of sin. Often used to describe God.

43
Q

Reform Jews

A

Jews who believe the Torah was inspired by God and was developed through their history - therefore Jewish laws may be changed or adapted as modern life changes.

44
Q

Responsa

A

The correspondence of Rabbis concerning religious decisions.

45
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

The Jewish New Year.

46
Q

Sanctifier

A

Makes Holy.

47
Q

Shabbat

A

Holy day of the week; day of spiritual renewal beginning at Sunset on Friday and continuing to nightfall on Saturday.

48
Q

Shema

A

Jewish prayer affirming belief in one God (Monotheism), found in the Torah.

49
Q

Star of David

A

This symbol is known as the Magen David, literally ‘Shield of David’, and the star has six points which symbolise that God rules over the universe and protects us from all six directions: North, South, East, West, up and down.

50
Q

Synagogue

A

Building for Jewish public prayer, study and gathering.

51
Q

Tallit

A

A prayer shawl.

52
Q

Talmud

A

Commentary by the rabbis on the Torah - Mishnah and Gemara together in one collection.

53
Q

Tefillin

A

Small leather boxes containing extracts from the Torah (law), Nevi’im (writings) and Ketuvim (prophets).

54
Q

Torah

A

The five books of Moses and first section of the Tenakh - the law. The whole of Jewish teaching.

55
Q

Trefah

A

Forbidden Food - means ‘torn’.

56
Q

Western Wall

A

The only part of the ancient Temple Of Herod remaining - Jews come to pray there - a place of pilgrimage.

57
Q

Yad Vashem

A

A memorial to the Holocaust victims in Jerusalem - means ‘a memorial and a name’.

58
Q

Yeshiva

A

A college where the Torah and Talmud are studied.

59
Q

Yom Kippur

A

The Day of Atonement - a day of fasting on the tenth day after Rosh Hashanah.

60
Q

Seder

A

One of six sections of the Mishnah. Each one deals with a different aspect of the Oral Law.

61
Q

Amidah

A

Standing prayer said at all services

62
Q

Atonement

A

Restoring a relationship usually with God

63
Q

Judgement

A

The process by which God reviews behaviour and decides the future of Jews

64
Q

Shechita

A

The process of slaughter in a perscribed manner

65
Q

Shochet

A

A rabbi who slaughters animals

66
Q

Chalef

A

A sharp smooth bladed knife

67
Q

Kashrut

A

The collective term for Jewish dietary laws

68
Q

Salting

A

Meat is salted in a special way to remove the blood

69
Q

Parev

A

Foods which do not contain any meat or milk ingredients

70
Q

Shomer

A

Kosher supervisor

71
Q

Tznuit

A

The principle of modesty in appearance and attitude

72
Q

Kittel

A

White - knee-length overgarment

73
Q

Mohel

A

Effects the circumcision by removing the baby’s foreskin

74
Q

Sandek

A

Honourable Job - baby sits on the knee of the Sandek - holds him.

75
Q

Shadchan

A

Matchmaker. Orthodox Jews believe that he is actively working on Gods behalf by pairing up people for marriage

76
Q

Shiva

A

A 7 day period of intense mourning

77
Q

Sheol

A

Described as a shadowy place of darkness and silence where ALL souls exist without consciousness.

R.S Judaism GCSE (4 decks)

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