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AP EURO EXAM > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Humanism

A

-study classics

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1
Q

Christian Humanism

A

-humanism + religion

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2
Q

Vernacular

A

-common everyday language of the people

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3
Q

New Monarchs

A

-create armies, hinder nobles, negotiate w church

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4
Q

Taille

A

-tax on french peasants

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5
Q

Reconquista

A

-centuries long Christian conquest of Spain from the Muslims

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6
Q

Indulgence

A

-$ -> lessen time in purgatory or cancel it

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7
Q

Anabaptist

A
  • only adults should be baptized

- church =/= state

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8
Q

Predestination

A

-God already chose who’ll be saved and who’ll be dammed

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9
Q

Huguenots

A

-French Calvinist Protestants

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10
Q

Politiques

A

-rulers who put political necessities before personal beliefs

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11
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

-interchange of plants animals diseases & human populations between old & new world

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12
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • less imports

- boost exports to make more independent economy

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13
Q

Putting- Out System

A

-entrepreneur beings materials to rural people who work on them from home

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14
Q

Joint-Stock Company

A

-multi investors raise $ for venture too lg for any to take on own, share profits

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15
Q

Absolutism

A

-ruler has sole power

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16
Q

Divine Right Of Kings

A

-rulers get authority from God & are only answerable to God

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17
Q

Intendants

A

-Kings reps in a territory

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18
Q

Fronde

A

-nobles & peasants rebel against royal authority in France

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19
Q

Robot

A

-forced labor of presents

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20
Q

Junkers

A

-landowning nobles in Prussia

21
Q

Scientific Method

A

-use logic and experiments to find reg patterns in nature and describe them w natl laws & math forms

22
Q

Philosophes

A

-intellectuals/writers who stressed reason, freedom of expression, religious toleration, reformed legal syst

23
Q

Deism

A

-God made universe then left it alone

24
Q

General Will

A

-desire of all people

25
Q

Enlightened Despotism

A

-ruler uses power for good of the people

26
Q

Enclosure Movement

A
  • landowners had to consolidate & enclose lands

- made the poor move to city for work in factories

27
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

-advances in agriculture, scientific and organized syst of agriculture

28
Q

Physiocrats

A
  • French economists led by François Quesnay

- critics of merchantalism, called for free trade

29
Q

Invisible Hand

A
  • coined by Adam Smith

- self-regulating nature of a free marketplace

30
Q

Parlements

A
  • French regional courts
  • hereditary nobles dominated
  • right to register royal decrees before they became laws
31
Q

Girondins

A

-moderate republican faction in French Revolution 1791-1793

32
Q

Jacobins

A
  • leader: Maximilien Robespierre
    others: Jean-Paul Marat, Georges-Jacques Danton, Comte de Mirabeau
  • Reign of Terror
33
Q

Sans-Culottes

A
  • working people of Paris

- supported radical politics

34
Q

Levee en Mass

A
  • conscripting males into army (French)

- new type of military force = mass participation, fully mobilized economy

35
Q

Thermidiran Reaction

A

-antiradicalism reaction of French Revolution

36
Q

Legitimacy

A

-rulers who were driven from their thrones should get their power back

37
Q

Balance of Power

A

-weak countries join together & match the power of a stronger country

38
Q

Liberalism

A
  • rep gov
  • min gov interference
  • religious toleration
  • civil liberties
39
Q

Conservatism

A
  • legit monarchies
  • aristocracies
  • established churches
  • gradual change
  • maintain status quo
40
Q

Nationalism

A

-nations = group of people who share traditions, language, history
Chief Ideas:
-sense of belonging/duty to a nation
-enhanced by common culture, history, language, and political beliefs

41
Q

Romanticism

A

Major Characteristics:

  • about rebellion, risks, & powerful emotions
  • a reaction to the Enlightenment
  • inspired by the French Revolution & the Industrial Revolution
  • gothic and medicinal motion
  • love = driving force
  • emotions over reason
  • live recklessly, die young
  • escape
42
Q

Chartism

A

-demands by British workers late 1830s
-demands:
universal manhood suffrage
secret ballots
equal electoral districts
salaries for House of Commons members

43
Q

Zollverein

A
  • created in 1834 -> industrial growth
  • # 1 source of Prussia/Austria tension
  • excluded Austria
  • 1852: all German states except Austria were in the Zollverein
  • basis for a German state without Austria
  • foundation for upcoming political union
44
Q

Carbonari

A

-secret revolutionary society in 1820s that wanted to unite Italy

45
Q

Luddites

A
  • social movement against Industrial Revolution’s changes
  • British textile artisans
  • thought new industrial machinery would cost them their jobs
  • tried to destroy some machinery
46
Q

Utilitarianism

A
  • “the greatest happiness for the greatest number”

- should be applied to each nation’s gov, econmy, and judicial syst

47
Q

Utopian Socialists

A
  • early 1800s socialists who wanted to replace capitalist structure w/ planned communities, cooperation
  • leading: Charles Fourier, Luis Blanc, both belived property should be communally owned
48
Q

Marxism

A
  • focuses on social conflict and the relationship between classes
  • h
49
Q

Marxism

A
  • focuses on social conflict and the relationship between classes
  • history = result of class conflict, will end in triumph of industrial proletariat over the bourgeoisie, new classless society w/o private property

AP EURO EXAM (6 decks)

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