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med-surg 1 > KEY TERMS > Flashcards

KEY TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

DIFFUSION

A

the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration does not require energy

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2
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

A

maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system that involves positive and negative feedback mechanisms

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3
Q

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

A

pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it

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4
Q

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

A

a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum <300

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5
Q

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

A

a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum <280

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6
Q

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

A

a solution with the same osmolality as serum and other body fluids 280-300

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7
Q

OSMOSIS

A

the process by which fluid(WATER) moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration until solute concentrations are equal on both sides

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8
Q

TWO COMPARTMENTS OF BODY FLUID

A

ICF(intracellular fluid) 2/3

ECF(extracellular fluid) 1/3

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9
Q

THREE COMPARTMENTS OF ECF

A

intravascular, interstitial, transcellular

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10
Q

THIRD-SPACE FLUID SHIFT

A

“third spacing” loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to equilibrium

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11
Q

SOLVENTS

A

liquids that hold a substance in solution

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12
Q

SOLUTES

A

substances that are dissolved in a solution

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13
Q

TOTAL WATER % OF BODY WEIGHT

A

infants 77%
male 60%
female 50%
elderly 45%

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14
Q

CATIONS

A

ions that carry a positive charge

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15
Q

ANIONS

A

ions that carry a negative charge

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16
Q

MAJOR CATIONS IN BODY FLUIDS

A

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen ions

17
Q

MAJOR ANIONS IN BODY FLUIDS

A

chloride, bicarb, phosphate, sulfate and proteinate ions

18
Q

MAJOR ELECTROLYTES IN ECF

A

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarb

19
Q

MAJOR ELECTROLYTES IN ICF

A

Potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate

20
Q

EXPLAIN THE SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

A

sodium concentration is higher in ECF so it tends to enter the cell by diffusion. The cell compensates by moving the sodium back out and the potassium back in

21
Q

OSMOLALITY

A

the concentration of fluid that affects the movement of water between fluid compartments by osmosis

22
Q

SERUM OSMOLALITY

A

280-294

23
Q

URINE OSMOLALITY

A

250-900

24
Q

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

kidneys ability to excrete or conserve water normal range 1.010 to 1.030

25
Q

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS

A

regulation of ECF volume and osmolality by retention and excretion of body fluids. regulation of normal electrolytes by retention or excretion. regulation of pH of the ECF by retention of hydrogen ions. excretion of metabolic wastes and toxic substances

26
Q

HEART AND BLOOD FUNCTIONS

A

circulates blood through the kidneys under sufficient pressure to allow for urine formation

27
Q

LUNG FUNCTIONS

A

remove approximately 300 ml of water daily and also plays a major role in acid-base balance

28
Q

PITUITARY FUNCTIONS

A

ADH manufactured in hypothalamus and released as needed to conserve water

29
Q

ADRENAL FUNCTION

A

increased aldosterone secretion causes sodium retention (water retention) and potassium loss. Conversely decreased secretions of aldosterone causes sodium and water loss and potassium retention

30
Q

PARATHROID FUNCTION

A

regulates calcium and phosphate balance by PTH hormone

31
Q

WHAT DOES PTH DO

A

influences bone reabsorption, calcium reabsorption from the intestines and calcium reabsorption from the renal tubules

32
Q

RAAS

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

33
Q

ADH AND THIRST CENTER

A

ADH controls water excretion/absorption. Thirst center is located in the hypothalamus and has important role in maintaining sodium concentration and oral intake of water

34
Q

HYPOVOLEMIA

A

fluid volume deficit (FVD) occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid, not to be confused with dehydration which is loss of water only. Occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in same ratio

35
Q

CAUSES OF HYPOVOLEMIA

A

abnormal fluid losses such as vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating, decreased intake, third-space shifts, edema formation in burns, ascites in liver dysfunction.

36
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

A

acute weight loss,decreased skin turgor, oliguria, concentrated urine, orthostatic hypotension, weak rapid heart rate, flattened neck veins, increased temp, thirst, decreased delayed capillary refill, cool, clammy,pale, anorexia, nausea, muscle weakness and crams

med-surg 1 (2 decks)

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