Chapter 14 Flashcards
What area of the kidney is involved in REABSORPTION?If reabsorption in this area becomes less than normal, would you expect urine to become more concentrated or less concentrated?
Tubule is responsible for secretion&reabsorption
The urine would be more concentrated
In what way would fluid overload affect:
Weight
Breathing patterns/lung sounds? and WHY?
Blood Pressure
Weight-gain
Breathing-increased rate, crackles, dyspnea bc of increased fluid
BP- increased
What fluids primarily carry nutrients and waste throughout the body? Are these intracellular or extracellular?
Extracellular fluid is mainly responsible for the transport of nutrients & waste throughout the body.
plasma, serum, lymph fluid, disgestive secretions, sweat& cerebrospinal fluid
When electrolytes break down into smaller particles and are dissolved, what are they called?
Ions
Cations (+) (Na+) (K+) Ca2+) (mg2+)
Anions(-) (Cl-) (HCO3)<phosphate
What is the type of transport that is responsible for oxygen moving from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries and vessels to capillaries? What is the definition of this type of transport? (Does if move from area of higher to lower)
DIffusion-Random movement of particles in all directions
moves from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Name some examples of electrolytes
Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Chloride (Cl-) Calcium (Ca2+) Magnesium(Mg2+)
What process is utilized to help our bodies move water/fluids among the compartments in our body?
Osmolality/ Osmosis
Why would we want to watch urine output very closely when administering IV potassium?
The patient may develop hyperkalemia
Can IV potassium be administered IV push
NEVER
What is the most abundant intracellular cation
potassium
What is considered a significant symptom of hyerkalemia
life threatening dysrythmias
What electrolyte imbalance is kidney disease associated with?
Potassium
What is hyperchloremia often associated with? What lab test may we want to check if someone has very high chloride levels?
Metabolic Acidosis
Arterial blood gas
What is an EARLY indicator of dehydration in an older adult?
Disorientation
The sympathetic nervous system, hormones and the thirst center influence two organ systems that are the main monitors for fluid balance. What are those two systems?
Kidneys
Circulatory system
The chief extracellular cation is…..
Sodium (Na+)
What part of the kidney performs reabsorption? Why is this important?
tubles
for adjusting the volume&composition of the filtrate&for preventing excessive fluid loss through the kidneys
In which process do the kidneys excrete waste? Active transport, diffusion, filtration, or osmosis?
Filtration
Why do we become thirsty?
plasma osmolality stimulates osmoreceptors in the hypothalmus
If a patient has a pH of 7.18 and their PaCO2 is normal, what acid-base imbalances is present?
Metabolic Acidosis
What is a potentially serious complication of hypokalemia?
heart rhythms potentially fatal
What are some interventions we could expect for someone who is hypervolemic? What are some things we should NOT do or educate the patient not to do?
enforce fluid restriction, measure I&O, restrict salt, inspect skin for breakdown, elevate head of bed to 30 degrees, give drugs and IV fluids, turn & re position every 2 hours
Education-DO NOT use too much sodium
If a patient has metabolic acidosis, why would deep-breathing exercises be an effective intervention?
will retain carbon dioxide in the body
