Chapter 14

Question 1

What area of the kidney is involved in REABSORPTION?If reabsorption in this area becomes less than normal, would you expect urine to become more concentrated or less concentrated?

Answer 1

Tubule is responsible for secretion&reabsorption

The urine would be more concentrated

Question 2

In what way would fluid overload affect:
Weight
Breathing patterns/lung sounds? and WHY?
Blood Pressure

Answer 2

Weight-gain
Breathing-increased rate, crackles, dyspnea bc of increased fluid
BP- increased

Question 3

What fluids primarily carry nutrients and waste throughout the body? Are these intracellular or extracellular?

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid is mainly responsible for the transport of nutrients & waste throughout the body.
plasma, serum, lymph fluid, disgestive secretions, sweat& cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

When electrolytes break down into smaller particles and are dissolved, what are they called?

Answer 4

Ions
Cations (+) (Na+) (K+) Ca2+) (mg2+)
Anions(-) (Cl-) (HCO3)<phosphate

Question 5

What is the type of transport that is responsible for oxygen moving from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries and vessels to capillaries? What is the definition of this type of transport? (Does if move from area of higher to lower)

Answer 5

DIffusion-Random movement of particles in all directions

moves from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 6

Name some examples of electrolytes

Answer 6

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Magnesium(Mg2+)

Question 7

What process is utilized to help our bodies move water/fluids among the compartments in our body?

Answer 7

Osmolality/ Osmosis

Question 8

Why would we want to watch urine output very closely when administering IV potassium?

Answer 8

The patient may develop hyperkalemia

Question 9

Can IV potassium be administered IV push

Answer 9

NEVER

Question 10

What is the most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 10

potassium

Question 11

What is considered a significant symptom of hyerkalemia

Answer 11

life threatening dysrythmias

Question 12

What electrolyte imbalance is kidney disease associated with?

Answer 12

Potassium

Question 13

What is hyperchloremia often associated with? What lab test may we want to check if someone has very high chloride levels?

Answer 13

Metabolic Acidosis

Arterial blood gas

Question 14

What is an EARLY indicator of dehydration in an older adult?

Answer 14

Disorientation

Question 15

The sympathetic nervous system, hormones and the thirst center influence two organ systems that are the main monitors for fluid balance. What are those two systems?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Circulatory system

Question 16

The chief extracellular cation is…..

Answer 16

Sodium (Na+)

Question 17

What part of the kidney performs reabsorption? Why is this important?

Answer 17

tubles

for adjusting the volume&composition of the filtrate&for preventing excessive fluid loss through the kidneys

Question 18

In which process do the kidneys excrete waste? Active transport, diffusion, filtration, or osmosis?

Answer 18

Filtration

Question 19

Why do we become thirsty?

Answer 19

plasma osmolality stimulates osmoreceptors in the hypothalmus

Question 20

If a patient has a pH of 7.18 and their PaCO2 is normal, what acid-base imbalances is present?

Answer 20

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 21

What is a potentially serious complication of hypokalemia?

Answer 21

heart rhythms potentially fatal

Question 22

What are some interventions we could expect for someone who is hypervolemic? What are some things we should NOT do or educate the patient not to do?

Answer 22

enforce fluid restriction, measure I&O, restrict salt, inspect skin for breakdown, elevate head of bed to 30 degrees, give drugs and IV fluids, turn & re position every 2 hours
Education-DO NOT use too much sodium

Question 23

If a patient has metabolic acidosis, why would deep-breathing exercises be an effective intervention?

Answer 23

will retain carbon dioxide in the body