Key terms Flashcards
Define locale
This is the place where something happens or is set, or that has particular events associated with it.
Define location
Where a place is, for example the coordinates on a map.
Define perception of place
This is the way in which place is viewed or regarded by people. This can be influenced by media representation or personal experience.
Define placemaking
The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life.
Define sense of place
This refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. People develop a ‘sense of place’ through experience and knowledge of a particular area.
Define positionality
Factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, religion, politics and socio-economic status which influence how we perceive different places.
What are experienced places?
Those places that a person has spent time in.
What are media places?
Those that the person has only read about or seen on film.
Define character of place
The physical and human features that help to distinguish it from another place.
What are exogenous factors?
Those that have an external cause or origin. The demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources money and investment.
What are endogenous factors?
Those that originate internally and may include aspects of the site or land on which the place is built, such as height, relief, drainage, soil type, geology and the availability of resources.
What are agents of change?
These are the people who impact on a place whether through living, working or trying to improve that place. Examples would include residents, community groups, corporate entities central and local government and the media.
Define meaning
Individual or collective perceptions of place.
Define representation
How a place is portrayed or ‘seen’ in society.
What is place memory?
The ability of place to make the past come to life in the present.
Define re-imaging
Re-imaging disassociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, high levels of crime, environmental pollution and industrial dereliction. It can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists and residents.
Define rebranding
Rebranding is the way or ways in which a place is re-developed and marketed so that it gains a new identity. It can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists and residents. It may involve both re-imaging and regeneration.
Define regeneration
Regeneration is a long-term process involving redevelopment and the use of social, economic and environmental action to reserve urban decline and create sustainable communities.
What is media?
Means of communication including television, film, photography, art, newspapers, books, songs, etc. These reach or influence people widely.
What is qualitative data?
Information that is non-numerical and used in relatively unstructured and open-ended way. It is descriptive information, which often comes from interviews, focus groups or artistic depictions such as photographs.
What is quantitative data?
Data that can be quantified and verified, and is amendable to statistical manipulation.
Define objective
Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
Define subjective
Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions.
Define suburbanisation
A movement of people and services away from the inner city to the edge of built up areas.
What is placelessness?
Could be anywhere, it lacks uniqueness and the ‘genius loci’. Global forces have had a greater influence than local forces.
What is a descriptive approach?
The idea that the world is a distinct set of places and each is unique.
What is a social constructivist approach?
Places are the way they are because of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time.
What is a phenomenological approach?
This approach looks at how people feel about places rather than what is physically there (or not there).
Define insiders
People who feel like they belong in a certain place and that is their home.
Define outsiders
People who feel out of place in a certain place and that they don’t belong.
Define gentrification
When the status of an inner urban area which has become unfashionable and neglected and the status is improved.
What are the advantages of gentrification?
- Improves social and economic status on an area
- Boosts economy and employment
- Attracts tourists
- Crime rates fall
What are the disadvantages of gentrification?
- Expensive
- Displaces low income residents
- Conflict between insiders and outsiders
- Increased house prices
What is the difference between regeneration and gentrification?
Regeneration refers to policies and practices designed to deal with problems such as urban decline and decay where as gentrification is when the status pf an unfashionable and neglected is upgraded and the status is improved.
Define homogenisation
The process of making things uniform or similar.
Define heterogenous
Diverse in character or context
Define globalisation
The increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries.
What is GIS?
A spatial system that creates, manages, analyse and maps all types of data.
