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Unit 20: Land Use Controls & Property Development > key terms > Flashcards

key terms Flashcards

1
Q

the states’ ___ is their inherent authority to create regulations needed to protect the public health, safety, and welfare

A

police power

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2
Q

state legislation that confers zoning powers on municipal governments

A

enabling acts

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3
Q

through ___, states delegate to counties and local municipalities the authority to enact ordinances in keeping with general laws.

A

enabling acts

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4
Q

through enabling acts, states delegate to ___ and ___ the authority to enact ordinances in keeping with general laws.

A

counties and local municipalities

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5
Q

article VII of the IL state constitution allows for ___ units of government

A

home-rule

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6
Q

in IL, any municipality with a population in excess of ___ is automatically a home-unit

A

25,000

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7
Q

in IL, any municipality with a population in excess of 25,000 is automatically a(n) ___.

A

home-rule unit

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8
Q

in IL, any county that has a(n) ___ elected by the people is automatically a home-unit.

A

chief executive officer

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9
Q

in IL, any county that has a chief executive officer elected by the people is automatically a(n) ___.

A

home-rule unit

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10
Q

in IL, a municipality of fewer than 25,000 people may elect by referendum to become a(n) ___ of government.

A

home-rule unit

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11
Q

in IL, a municipality of fewer than 25,000 people may ___ to become a home-rule unit of government.

A

elect by referendum

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12
Q

In IL, ___ are not allowed to be home-rule units

A

townships

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13
Q

in IL, townships are not allowed to be ___.

A

home-rule units

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14
Q

in IL, a(n) ___ may exercise any power and perform any function pertaining to its government, including the exercise of police power by way of laws that control the use of land.

A

home-rule unit

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15
Q

in IL, ___ have greater freedom to enforce their laws.

A

home-rule units

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16
Q

in IL, ___ derive their authority to pass land-use controls from the state government thourh enabling statutes.

A

non home rule

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17
Q

In IL, ___ are not empowered to pass subdivision controls or building codes.

A

townships

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18
Q

in IL, ___ zoning ordinances must give way to ___ zoning ordinances

A

township
county

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19
Q

also claled the master plan

A

comprehensive plan

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20
Q

the ___ is not a regulatory document but rather a guide to planning for change rather than reacting to proposals

A

comprehensive plan

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21
Q

a detailed plan to guide the long-term physical development of a particular area

A

comprehensive plan

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22
Q

element of systemic planning referring to a determination of how much land may be proposed for residence, industry, business, agriculture, traffic & transit facilities, utilities, community facilities, parks & recreational facilities, floodplains, and areas of special hazards

A

land use

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23
Q

element of systemic planning includes consideration of the ___ needs of present and anticipated residents; including rehabilitation of declining neighborhoods as well as new residential developments

A

housing

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24
Q

element of systemic planning that includes highways, public transit, parking facilities, and pedestrian & bikeway systems

A

movement of people & goods

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25
Q

element of systemic planning includes schools, hospitals, libraries, recreational facilities, fire & police stations, water resources, sewage & waste treatment and disposal, storm drainage, and flood management

A

community facilities & utilities

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26
Q

element of systemic planning referring to reducing energy consumption and promoting the use of renewable energy sources

A

energy conservation

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27
Q

a regulatory tool that helps communities regulate and control how land is used

A

zoning

28
Q

local laws that implement the comprehensive plan and regulate and control the use of land and structures within designated land use districts.

A

zoning ordinances

29
Q

an exercise of police power by a municipality to regulate and control the character and use of property

A

zoning ordinance

30
Q

the minimum distance away from streets or sidewalks that structures may be built

A

setbacks

31
Q

the ratio of land area to structure area

A

density

32
Q

a(n) ___ is typically a strip of land separating land dedicated to one use from land dedicated to another use. usually used as a park or designated for similar use.

A

buffer zone

33
Q

also called density zoning

A

bulk zoning

34
Q

___ is used to control density and avoid overcrowding by imposing restrictions such as setbacks and maximum building heights, and requiring a specified percentage of open area or by restricting new construction projects

A

bulk zoning

35
Q

___ zoning specifies certain types of architecture for new buildings

A

aesthetic

36
Q

___ zoning ensures that certain uses are incorporated into developments, such as requiring the street floor of an office building to house retail establishments

A

incentive

37
Q

the government provides ___ for citizens to discuss zoning ordinances before they are enacted

A

public hearings

38
Q

also called zoning boards of appeal

A

zoning hearing boards

39
Q

___ have been established in most communities to hear complaints about the effects a zoning ordinance may have on specific parcels of property

A

zoning hearing boards

40
Q

also called special-use permit

A

conditional use permit

41
Q

a(n) ___ permit is usually granted to a property owner to allow special use of property within that zone. such as a daycare center in a residential district.

A

conditional-use

42
Q

written governmental permission allowing a use inconsistent with zoning but necessary for the common good. such as an emergency room in a residential area.

A

conditional-use permit

43
Q

also called an exception

A

variance

44
Q

permission obtained from zoning authorities to build a structure or conduct a use that is expressly prohibited by the current zoning laws.

A

variance

45
Q

an exception from the zoning ordinances

A

variance

46
Q

specifies construction standards that must be met when repairing or erecting buildings

A

building codes

47
Q

an ordinance that specifies minimum standards of construction for buildings to protect public safety and health

A

building code

48
Q

a property owner who wants to build a structure or alter or repair an existing building usually most obtain a(n) ___

A

building permit

49
Q

once a completed structure has been inspected and found satisfactory, the municipal inspector issues a(n) ___.

A

certificate of occupancy

50
Q

also called an occupancy permit

A

certificate of occupancy

51
Q

a tract of land divided by the owner into blocks, building lots, and streets according to a recorded plat, which must comply with local ordinances and regulations

A

subdivision

52
Q

a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to individuals or developers or for their own use

A

subdivider

53
Q

a person who improves the subdivided land, constructs home, or other buildings on the lots, then sells them

A

developer

54
Q

a detailed map that illustrates the geographic boundaries of individual lots, and also shows the blocks, sections, streets, public easements, and monuments in the prospective subdivision

A

plat map

55
Q

charges made in advance to cover anticipated expenses involving offsite capital improvements such as water and sewer facilities expansion, additional roads, and school expansions

A

impact fees

56
Q

also called bulk zoning

A

density zoning

57
Q

zoning ordinances typically establish special ___ ordinances, which restrict the average maximum number of houses per acre that may be built within a particular subdivision

A

density zoning

58
Q

a typical zoning ordinance may set the minimum lot area on which a subdivider can build a single family housing unit at 10,000 square feet, which means that the subdivider can build 4 houses per acre. regardless of the lot size or number of lots, the subdivider will be consistent with the ordinance as long as the average number of units in the development remains at or below the maximum density. this average is called ___

A

gross density

59
Q

limitations to the use of property imposed by a past or current owner and are binding on future grantees

A

restrictive covenants

60
Q

private rules set up by the developer that set standards for all the parcels within the defined subdiviison

A

covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs)

61
Q

an equitable doctrine used in courts to bar a legal claim or prevent the assertion of a right because of undue delay or failure to assert the claim or right

A

laches

62
Q

the legal principle that a right may be lost through undue delay or failure to assert it

A

laches

63
Q

US Congress created the federal ___ to facilitate regulation of interstate land sales and to protect consumers from fraud and abuse in the sale or lease of land

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

64
Q

Federal law that regulates the sale of certain real estate in interstate commerce

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

65
Q

Federal law that required land developers to register subdivisons of 100 or more nonexempt lots with HUD and to provide each purchaser with a disclosure document called a property report

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

66
Q

The ___ required by the federal Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act contains relevant information about the subdivision and must be delivered to each purchaser before the signing of the contract or agreement

A

property report

Unit 20: Land Use Controls & Property Development (3 decks)

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