key terms

Question 1

the states’ ___ is their inherent authority to create regulations needed to protect the public health, safety, and welfare

Answer 1

police power

Question 2

state legislation that confers zoning powers on municipal governments

Answer 2

enabling acts

Question 3

through ___, states delegate to counties and local municipalities the authority to enact ordinances in keeping with general laws.

Answer 3

enabling acts

Question 4

through enabling acts, states delegate to ___ and ___ the authority to enact ordinances in keeping with general laws.

Answer 4

counties and local municipalities

Question 5

article VII of the IL state constitution allows for ___ units of government

Answer 5

home-rule

Question 6

in IL, any municipality with a population in excess of ___ is automatically a home-unit

Answer 6

25,000

Question 7

in IL, any municipality with a population in excess of 25,000 is automatically a(n) ___.

Answer 7

home-rule unit

Question 8

in IL, any county that has a(n) ___ elected by the people is automatically a home-unit.

Answer 8

chief executive officer

Question 9

in IL, any county that has a chief executive officer elected by the people is automatically a(n) ___.

Answer 9

home-rule unit

Question 10

in IL, a municipality of fewer than 25,000 people may elect by referendum to become a(n) ___ of government.

Answer 10

home-rule unit

Question 11

in IL, a municipality of fewer than 25,000 people may ___ to become a home-rule unit of government.

Answer 11

elect by referendum

Question 12

In IL, ___ are not allowed to be home-rule units

Answer 12

townships

Question 13

in IL, townships are not allowed to be ___.

Answer 13

home-rule units

Question 14

in IL, a(n) ___ may exercise any power and perform any function pertaining to its government, including the exercise of police power by way of laws that control the use of land.

Answer 14

home-rule unit

Question 15

in IL, ___ have greater freedom to enforce their laws.

Answer 15

home-rule units

Question 16

in IL, ___ derive their authority to pass land-use controls from the state government thourh enabling statutes.

Answer 16

non home rule

Question 17

In IL, ___ are not empowered to pass subdivision controls or building codes.

Answer 17

townships

Question 18

in IL, ___ zoning ordinances must give way to ___ zoning ordinances

Answer 18

township
county

Question 19

also claled the master plan

Answer 19

comprehensive plan

Question 20

the ___ is not a regulatory document but rather a guide to planning for change rather than reacting to proposals

Answer 20

comprehensive plan

Question 21

a detailed plan to guide the long-term physical development of a particular area

Answer 21

comprehensive plan

Question 22

element of systemic planning referring to a determination of how much land may be proposed for residence, industry, business, agriculture, traffic & transit facilities, utilities, community facilities, parks & recreational facilities, floodplains, and areas of special hazards

Answer 22

land use

Question 23

element of systemic planning includes consideration of the ___ needs of present and anticipated residents; including rehabilitation of declining neighborhoods as well as new residential developments

Answer 23

housing

Question 24

element of systemic planning that includes highways, public transit, parking facilities, and pedestrian & bikeway systems

Answer 24

movement of people & goods

Question 25

element of systemic planning includes schools, hospitals, libraries, recreational facilities, fire & police stations, water resources, sewage & waste treatment and disposal, storm drainage, and flood management

Answer 25

community facilities & utilities

Question 26

element of systemic planning referring to reducing energy consumption and promoting the use of renewable energy sources

Answer 26

energy conservation

Question 27

a regulatory tool that helps communities regulate and control how land is used

Answer 27

zoning

Question 28

local laws that implement the comprehensive plan and regulate and control the use of land and structures within designated land use districts.

Answer 28

zoning ordinances

Question 29

an exercise of police power by a municipality to regulate and control the character and use of property

Answer 29

zoning ordinance

Question 30

the minimum distance away from streets or sidewalks that structures may be built

Answer 30

setbacks

Question 31

the ratio of land area to structure area

Answer 31

density

Question 32

a(n) ___ is typically a strip of land separating land dedicated to one use from land dedicated to another use. usually used as a park or designated for similar use.

Answer 32

buffer zone

Question 33

also called density zoning

Answer 33

bulk zoning

Question 34

___ is used to control density and avoid overcrowding by imposing restrictions such as setbacks and maximum building heights, and requiring a specified percentage of open area or by restricting new construction projects

Answer 34

bulk zoning

Question 35

___ zoning specifies certain types of architecture for new buildings

Answer 35

aesthetic

Question 36

___ zoning ensures that certain uses are incorporated into developments, such as requiring the street floor of an office building to house retail establishments

Answer 36

incentive

Question 37

the government provides ___ for citizens to discuss zoning ordinances before they are enacted

Answer 37

public hearings

Question 38

also called zoning boards of appeal

Answer 38

zoning hearing boards

Question 39

___ have been established in most communities to hear complaints about the effects a zoning ordinance may have on specific parcels of property

Answer 39

zoning hearing boards

Question 40

also called special-use permit

Answer 40

conditional use permit

Question 41

a(n) ___ permit is usually granted to a property owner to allow special use of property within that zone. such as a daycare center in a residential district.

Answer 41

conditional-use

Question 42

written governmental permission allowing a use inconsistent with zoning but necessary for the common good. such as an emergency room in a residential area.

Answer 42

conditional-use permit

Question 43

also called an exception

Answer 43

variance

Question 44

permission obtained from zoning authorities to build a structure or conduct a use that is expressly prohibited by the current zoning laws.

Answer 44

variance

Question 45

an exception from the zoning ordinances

Answer 45

variance

Question 46

specifies construction standards that must be met when repairing or erecting buildings

Answer 46

building codes

Question 47

an ordinance that specifies minimum standards of construction for buildings to protect public safety and health

Answer 47

building code

Question 48

a property owner who wants to build a structure or alter or repair an existing building usually most obtain a(n) ___

Answer 48

building permit

Question 49

once a completed structure has been inspected and found satisfactory, the municipal inspector issues a(n) ___.

Answer 49

certificate of occupancy

Question 50

also called an occupancy permit

Answer 50

certificate of occupancy

Question 51

a tract of land divided by the owner into blocks, building lots, and streets according to a recorded plat, which must comply with local ordinances and regulations

Answer 51

subdivision

Question 52

a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to individuals or developers or for their own use

Answer 52

subdivider

Question 53

a person who improves the subdivided land, constructs home, or other buildings on the lots, then sells them

Answer 53

developer

Question 54

a detailed map that illustrates the geographic boundaries of individual lots, and also shows the blocks, sections, streets, public easements, and monuments in the prospective subdivision

Answer 54

plat map

Question 55

charges made in advance to cover anticipated expenses involving offsite capital improvements such as water and sewer facilities expansion, additional roads, and school expansions

Answer 55

impact fees

Question 56

also called bulk zoning

Answer 56

density zoning

Question 57

zoning ordinances typically establish special ___ ordinances, which restrict the average maximum number of houses per acre that may be built within a particular subdivision

Answer 57

density zoning

Question 58

a typical zoning ordinance may set the minimum lot area on which a subdivider can build a single family housing unit at 10,000 square feet, which means that the subdivider can build 4 houses per acre. regardless of the lot size or number of lots, the subdivider will be consistent with the ordinance as long as the average number of units in the development remains at or below the maximum density. this average is called ___

Answer 58

gross density

Question 59

limitations to the use of property imposed by a past or current owner and are binding on future grantees

Answer 59

restrictive covenants

Question 60

private rules set up by the developer that set standards for all the parcels within the defined subdiviison

Answer 60

covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs)

Question 61

an equitable doctrine used in courts to bar a legal claim or prevent the assertion of a right because of undue delay or failure to assert the claim or right

Answer 61

laches

Question 62

the legal principle that a right may be lost through undue delay or failure to assert it

Answer 62

laches

Question 63

US Congress created the federal ___ to facilitate regulation of interstate land sales and to protect consumers from fraud and abuse in the sale or lease of land

Answer 63

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

Question 64

Federal law that regulates the sale of certain real estate in interstate commerce

Answer 64

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

Question 65

Federal law that required land developers to register subdivisons of 100 or more nonexempt lots with HUD and to provide each purchaser with a disclosure document called a property report

Answer 65

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

Question 66

The ___ required by the federal Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act contains relevant information about the subdivision and must be delivered to each purchaser before the signing of the contract or agreement

Answer 66

property report