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Unit 20: Land Use Controls & Property Development > Assessment > Flashcards

Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

most subdivisions are laid out by use of ___ and ___

A

lots and blocks

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2
Q

the device by which local governments establish development goals

A

comprehensive plan

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3
Q

document issued by a building inspector after a newly constructed building is found satisfactory

A

certificate of occupancy

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4
Q

local laws that implement a comprehensive plan and regulate the control of land and structures within districts

A

zoning ordinances

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5
Q

the legal means by which states confer zoning powers on local government

A

enabling acts

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6
Q

areas such as parks used to screen residential from nonresidential areas

A

buffer zones

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7
Q

use of a relatively small amount of initial capital to finance the purchase of real estate

A

leverage

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8
Q

specifying certain types of architecture for new buildings

A

aesthetic zoning

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9
Q

a lot of improvement that is not in harmony with current zoning because it existed prior to the enactment or amendment of the zoning

A

nonconforming use

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10
Q

the device by which a day care center might be permitted to operate in a residential neighborhood

A

conditional use permit

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11
Q

a form of permitted use, despite being prohibited by zoning, that is granted to an owner because of unique hardship caused by the regulation

A

variance

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12
Q

an item that a property owner must obtain from municipal officials before constructing a new building

A

building permit

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13
Q

a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to others

A

subdivider

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14
Q

an individual who constructs improvements and sells them

A

developer

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15
Q

what homeowners and investors who own real estate hope to benefit from in the future

A

appreciation

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16
Q

ordinances that restrict the average maximum number of houses per acre

A

density zoning

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17
Q

standards for building style, setbacks, and use that are included in a deed for property in a subdivision

A

restrictive covenants

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18
Q

ordinances that specify construction and safety standards for construction

A

building codes

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19
Q

a developer where land is set aside for mixed use properties, such as residential, commercial, and public areas

A

planned unit developments (PUD)

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20
Q

law that requires developers to file statements with HUD before the developer can market unimproved lots interstate

A

Interstate Land Sales Full disclosure Act (ILSA)

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21
Q

ensuring that certain uses are incorporated into developments

A

incentive zoning

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22
Q

land is partitioned according to its use into ___

A

zones

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23
Q

zoning laws that specify certain types of architecture for all new construction

A

aesthetic zoning ordinances

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24
Q

along with an application for subdivision approval, a developer often must submit a(n) ___ to explain what effect the proposed development will have on the surrounding area

A

Environmental Impact report

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25
Q

private rules established by a developer for all parcels within the defined subdivision

A

covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs)

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26
Q

the federal government passed the ___ to help prevent fraudulent marketing schemes when land is sold without being seen by purchasers

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

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27
Q

A(n) ___ permits a prohibited land use to avoid undue hardship

A

variance

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28
Q

a developer must keep the average number of units in the development at or below the maximum number per acre, which is called the ___

A

gross density

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29
Q

A(n) ___ allows a noncomforming but related land use

A

conditional-use permit (CUP)

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30
Q

taking previously undeveloped acreage and splitting it into smaller lots for sale

A

subdivision

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31
Q

zoning laws that control overcrowding by requiring setbacks or limiting building heights

A

bulk zoning ordinances

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32
Q

a(n) ___ creates the broad, general framework for a community, and ___ define the details and implement the plan

A

1) comprehensive plan
2) zoning ordinances

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33
Q

___ ensures that certain types of uses are incorporated into developments

A

incentive zoning

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34
Q

no uniform planning and land development legislation affects the ___.

A

entire country

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35
Q

one negative aspect of subdivision development is the potential for increased ___.

A

tax burdens

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36
Q

A(n) ___ provides relief if zoning regulations deprive an owner of the reasonable use of the property

A

variance

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37
Q

___ are usually required before building permits can be issued.

A

zoning permits

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38
Q

zoning permits are usually required before ___ can be issued.

A

building permits

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39
Q

a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to individuals or developers

A

subdivider

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40
Q

a detailed map that illustrates the geographic boundaries of individual lots in a subdivision

A

plat

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41
Q

the legal principle that a right may be lost through undue delay or failure to assert it

A

laches

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42
Q

the average number of residential units per acre in a development

A

development’s gross density

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43
Q

one way for a real estate investor to acquire a new property without incurring tax on a transferred property is by making use of a(n) ___.

A

exchange

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44
Q

the ___ requires developers of unimproved property offered in interstate commerce by telephone or through the mail to file a disclosure statement with HUD, with certain exceptions

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

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45
Q

the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act requires developers of unimproved property offered in interstate commerce by telephone or through the mail to file a(n) ___ with ___, with certain exceptions

A

disclosure statement
HUD

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46
Q

if a local zoning ordinance requires a 30 foot setback for any structure on the property, and a restrictive covenant for the subdivision calls for a 40-foot setback, which would take precedence and why?

A

the 40-foot set-back would be required because the more restrictive requirement takes precedence

47
Q

___ may be more restrictive of an owner’s use than the local zoning ordinances.

A

private land use controls

48
Q

when it comes to land use controls and zoning ordinances, the most ___ of the two takes precedence

A

restrictive

49
Q

one of the basic elements of the ___ of a municipality can be energy conservation to reduce energy consumption and to promote the use of renewable energy sources

A

comprehensive plan

50
Q

the difference between the purchase price of property and its net selling price is ___

A

capital gain

51
Q

what would be necessary for a day care center to legally operate in a residential zone?

A

conditional use permit

52
Q

where would it be most beneficial to locate a new park in a buffer zone?

A

between residential & industrial zones

53
Q

if a city’s designates a few blocks as a historic district with restrictions on the type of architecture for new buildings, what type of zoning is this?

A

Aesthetic zoning

54
Q

if a house located in commercial zoning was built prior to the city’s zoning ordinance, why is it permitted to continue being used as a residence?

A

the building would have nonconforming use because it was most likely grandfathered in

55
Q

A subdivision built in 1980 included covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs) in the deeds for all properties. One covenant bans “all outdoor structures designed for the storage of equipment or as habitations for any animals.” In 2008, a resident built a tool shed and a doghouse. The neighbors took no action for 6 years, but in 2014 they decide the shed and doghouse should be destroyed. Do the neighbors have any recourse? Why or why not?

A

No, under the doctrine of laches, the neighbors probably lost the right to enforce the restriction due to their delay in asserting it

56
Q

A state delegates zoning powers to a municipality through a(n) ___.

A

enabling act

57
Q

the term that refers to how quickly an asset can be converted into cash is ___

A

liquidity

58
Q

A(n) ___ is best described as a detailed map that illustrates the geographic boundaries of individual lots

A

plat map

59
Q

A city passed a zoning ordinance that prohibits all commercial structures over 30 feet high. A company wants to build an office building that will be 45 feet high. In order to obtain permission for the building, the company may apply for a(n) ___ or ___.

A

variance or zoning change

60
Q

The term recovery refers to…

A

property depreciation

61
Q

a builder goes all over the country buying large tracts of vacant land, splitting them into smaller parcels, and building identical communities of single family ranch style houses surrounding a central shopping center. The builder sells the homes to residents and leases spaced in the shipping center to merchants. The builder is both a(n) ___ and ___.

A

Developer and subdivider

62
Q

___ is defined as a restriction on the average number of houses per acre

A

density zoning

63
Q

Before granting a zoning variance, a zoning board of appeals must hold a(n) ___ so that neighbors may ___.

A

public hearing
voice their opinions

64
Q

a property’s initial investment in a property (down payment if financed) and its appreciation determine its ___.

A

equity buildup

65
Q

a company owns a 2000 acre tract of undeveloped woodland surrounding a scenic lake. the tract has been divided into 106 individual lots, ranging in size from 15 to 100 acres. telemarketers are hired to sell the lots to residents of the state and in 3 states with which it shares a common border. based on these facts, how does the interstate land sales full disclosure act apply to the project?

A

the company must file a disclosure statement with HUD

66
Q

one way to avoid immediate taxation on a property transfer is to take part in a(n) ___

A

exchange

67
Q

a developer has included a playground and running trails between the commercial properties facing a busy street and the houses further back in the subdivision. the recreational area is considered a(n) ___.

A

buffer zone

68
Q

when an area was rezoned as residential, a store was grandfathered in and allowed to continue business. this is an example of a(n) ___.

A

nonconforming use

69
Q

a new structure has been completed to the satisfaction of the inspecting city engineer. what documentation must be issued before anyone can move in?

A

certificate of occupancy

70
Q

The comprehensive plan is usually ___ term

A

long

71
Q

the preparation of a(n) ___ involves surveys, studies, and analyses of housing, demographic, and economic characteristics & trends

A

comprehensive plan

72
Q

does not comply with the zoning law because it existed before the enactment or amendment of the zoning ordinance

A

nonconforming use

73
Q

hears complaints about the effects a zoning ordinance may have on specific parcels of property

A

zoning hearing board

74
Q

local laws that regulate and control the character and use of real property

A

zoning ordinances

75
Q

imposing restrictions to control overcrowding

A

density zoning

76
Q

permits a landowner to use a property in a manner prohibited by existing zoning

A

variance

77
Q

allows a special use of a property

A

conditional use permit

78
Q

local laws that implement the comprehensive plan and regulate and control the use of land and structures within designated land use districts

A

zoning ordinances

79
Q

zoning ordinances must NOT be ___ and must remain ___ to meet the changing needs of society

A

not be static
remain flexible

80
Q

a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to individuals or developers, or for their own use

A

subdivider

81
Q

in a subdivision, an area of land is designated as a(n) ___.

A

block

82
Q

in a subdivision, a(n) ___ is designated as a block.

A

area of land

83
Q

in a subdivision, the area that makes up a block is divided into ___.

A

lots

84
Q

in a subdivision, the area that makes up a(n) ___ is divided into lots.

A

block

85
Q

limitations to the use of property imposed by a past owner or the current owner and are binding on future grantees

A

restrictive covenants

86
Q

US congress created the ___ to facilitate regulation of interstate land sales and to protect consumers from fraud & abuse in the sale or lease of land

A

Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

87
Q

US congress created the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act to facilitate regulation of ___ and to protect consumers from ___ and ___ in the sale or lease of land

A

interstate land sales
fraud & abuse

88
Q

in one city, developers are limited by law to constructing no more than an average of 3 houses per acre in any subdivision. this restriction regulates ___

A

gross density

89
Q

the purpose of a building permit is to ensure compliance with ___

A

municipal regulations

90
Q

the purpose of a(n) ___ is to ensure compliance with municipal regulations

A

building permit

91
Q

a map illustrating the sizes and locations of streets and lots in a subdvision

A

plat

92
Q

which of these is NOT a legal deed restriction?
a) types of buildings that may be constructed
b) allowable ethnic origins of purchasers
c) activities that are not to be conducted at the site
d) minimum size of buildings to be constructed

A

allowable ethnic origins of purchasers

93
Q

under the federal law designed to protect the public from fraudulent interstate land sales, a developer involved in interstate land sales of ___ or more lots must provide each purchaser with a printed report disclosing details of the property

A

100

94
Q

under the federal law designed to protect the public from fraudulent interstate land sales, a developer involved in interstate land sales of 100 or more lots must provide each purchaser with a(n) ___ disclosing ___

A

printed report disclosing details of the property

95
Q

a town enacts a new zoning code. under the new code, commercial buildings are not permitted within 1000 ft of the lake. a commercial building that is permitted to continue in its former use even though it is built on the lakeshore is an example of

A

nonconforming use

96
Q

zoning powers are conferred on municipal governments by…

A

state enabling acts

97
Q

a development where land is set aside for mixed use purposes. such as residential, commercial, and public areas

A

planned unit development (PUD)

98
Q

a PUD is land set aside for ___ purposes

A

mixed use

99
Q

a landowner who wants to use property in a manner prohibited by a local zoning ordinance but which would benefit the community can apply for…

A

a conditional use permit

100
Q

common ___ includes “C” for commercial, “R” for residential, and “A” for agricultural

A

zoning classifications

101
Q

a subdivision declaration reads, “no property within this subdivision may be further subdivided for sale or otherwise, and no property may be used for any purpose other than single-family housing.” this is an example of…

A

a restrictive covenant

102
Q

a restriction in a seller’s deed may be enforced by…

A

a court injunction

103
Q

to determine whether a location can be put to future use as a retail store, one would examine the…

A

zoning ordinance

104
Q

a man owns a large tract of land. after an adequate study of all the relevant facts, the man legally divides the land into 30 lots suitable for the construction of residences. in this situation, he is acting as…

A

a subdivider

105
Q

under its zoning authority, what may a town legally regulate?
a) enabling acts
b) business ownership
c) building ownership
d) number of buildings

A

number of buildings

106
Q

under its ___, a town may legally regulate the number of buildings

A

zoning authority

107
Q

which is NOT included in public land use controls?
a) comprehensive plan specifications
b) restrictive covenants
c) subdivision regulations
d) environmental protection laws

A

restrictive covenants

108
Q

in IL, ___ grants counties, cities, and villages the power to make and enforce local zoning ordinances.

A

enabling statues

109
Q

in IL, enabling statues grants ___, ___, and ___ the power to make and enforce local zoning ordinances.

A

counties, cities, and villages

110
Q

in IL, enabling statues grants counties, cities, and villages the power to make and enforce ___.

A

local zoning ordinances

111
Q

in IL, a zoning law passed by a village conflicts with an existing county zoning law. both the village and county are home-rule units of government. in this situation, which law will prevail and why?

A

the village’s law
municipal ordinances supersede county ordinances under the IL constitution

112
Q

when it comes to zoning laws in IL, ___ ordinances supersede ___ ordinances under the IL constitution

A

municipal ordinances supersede county ordinances

113
Q

a man wants the city zoned to prohibit all fast food restaurants. what would be his best course of action?

A

persuade town government to change local zoning laws

114
Q

permitted land uses, housing projections, transportation issues, and objectives for implementing future controlled development would all be found in a community’s ___.

A

comprehensive plan

Unit 20: Land Use Controls & Property Development (3 decks)

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