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Glaciation > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is névé

A

Granular snow consisting of low density ice crystals

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2
Q

What is process sublimation

A

The transition of ice to water vapour without the liquid stage

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3
Q

What is accumulation

A

The addition of snow or ice in a glacier

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4
Q

What is ablation

A

The natural removal of snow or ice from a glacier

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5
Q

What is the accumulation zone

A

The area of net gain in a glacier

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6
Q

What is the ablation zone

A

The area of net loss in a glacier

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7
Q

What is altitude

A

The height of land in relation to sea level

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8
Q

What is latitude

A

The distance North or South of the equator

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9
Q

What is permafrost

A

Areas of permanently frozen ground

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10
Q

What is cryohydration

A

Individual particles in the soil are split as a result of the freezing and contracting of water on the surface of the mineral particle

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11
Q

What is a glacial period

A

A time period when ice masses develop and advance to lower altitudes, characterised by a sustained decline in temperature and the formation of continental ice sheets

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12
Q

What is an interglacial period

A

A time period when ice cover retreats to the polar regions

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13
Q

What are crevasses

A

A deep fissure or fracture in a glacier

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14
Q

What is basal sliding

A

Large scale movement of ice as a result of subglacial meltwater

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15
Q

What is pressure melting point

A

The temperature at which ice under pressure melts (can below freezing)

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16
Q

What is extensional flow

A

Ice is moving faster at the front of the glacier resulting in crevasses

17
Q

What is compressional flow

A

Ice is moving slower at the front resulting in a build up of ice

18
Q

What is the process of abrasion

A

Small rocks within the base of the glacier rub against the bedrock

19
Q

What is scree

A

A mass of small loose stones covering a slope

20
Q

What is a tarn

A

A small mountain lake

21
Q

What is nivation

A

The erosion of the ground and sides of a hollow as a result of continued freeze-thaw

22
Q

What is a bergschrund

A

A crevasse that forms where a glacier separates from the back wall of a corrie

23
Q

What is a moraine

A

Rocks and sediments carried and deposited by a glacier

24
Q

What is supraglacial

A

On the surface of the glacier

25
Q

What is englacial

A

Inside the glacier

26
Q

What is subglacial

A

Underneath the glacier

27
Q

What is the active layer

A

The top layer of soil above permafrost, which thaws annually in summer

28
Q

What is basal ice melting

A

The weight of a temperate glacier causes meltwater, which will then erode the
bedrock through fluvial erosion

29
Q

What is internal deformation

A

small-scale movement and deformation of ice crystals because of the effect of gravity and ice mass

30
Q

What is plucking

A

Rocks on the bedrock are frozen within the glacier. As the glacier moves, the rocks are
pulled from the bedrock and moved

31
Q

What is frost heave

A

The freezing and expansion of water beneath the ground resulting in floor uplift

32
Q

What is glacial budget?

A

The difference between accumulation and ablation for a glacier

33
Q

What is solifluction

A

The movement of water logged soil trapped between the active layer and permafrost

Glaciation (6 decks)

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