Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Constitution Definition

A

Legal framework outlining:
- The operation of the government,
- Its authority
- The limitations of that authority
- And (in a federal state) the division of powers between the federal and provincial/state governments.

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1
Q

Conventions Definition

A
  • Rules of behaviours that are historically accepted, though not always legally enforced, and that often influences the content of treaties between nations.
  • Formal agreements between two or more nations.
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2
Q

Statutes Definition


A

A law that is enacted by a government.

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3
Q

Common Law Definition

A
  1. A system of legal principles based on custom and past legal decisions; also called “judge-made law” or “case law.”
  2. The law that came to Canada from Britain
  3. The law that is common to all
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4
Q

Intra Vires Definition

A

A Latin term meaning “within the powers” referring to a law that is within the jurisdiction of the government or the courts.

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5
Q

Ultra Vires Definition

A

A Latin term meaning “beyond or outside the power” referring to a law that may exceed the powers of the court or the government.

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6
Q

Pith and Substance Definition

A

The overriding purpose
or intent of the law,
which must be determined when it covers two identifiable powers
of a federal and provincial nature.

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7
Q

Referendum Definition

A

The process of referring a political or policy question to the electorate for a direct vote.

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8
Q

Bona Fide Occupational Requirement Definition

A
  • A provision that is deemed necessary in order to perform a job safely and efficiently;
  • In a discrimination complaint, it can be used to justify a particular job requirement that may otherwise be perceived as discriminatory.
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9
Q

Accommodation Definition

A

The adaptation of an existing requirement or condition by an employer to enable an employee to carry out the essential aspects of a job.

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10
Q

Direct Discrimination Definition

A

A practice or behaviour that is overt and clearly discriminatory.

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11
Q

Adverse-Effect Discrimination Definition


A

A requirement or standard that may outwardly appear neutral but is, in fact, discriminatory in effect toward an individual or group.

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12
Q

Undue Hardship Definition


A

In a discrimination case, the negative effect on a business, which the employer must prove, of accommodating the needs of a person by being too costly or producing health or safety risks.

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13
Q

Mediation Definition


A

A dispute resolution process, whereby a neutral third party, called a “mediator,” facilitates the settlement of an argument between two or more parties.

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14
Q

Conciliation Definition


A

A voluntary method of settling disputes whereby a neutral third party assists the parties involved to identify and discuss the issues, and then to resolve the conflict.

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15
Q

Proportionality Test Definition


A

A test used to determine whether the limitation of rights under s. 1 of the Charter is justifiable.

16
Q

Reading Down Definition


A

In constitutional law,
narrowing the interpretation
given to legislation
in order to prevent it
from being declared unconstitutional.

17
Q

Reading In Definition

A

In constitutional law, inserting a term that had not been present in the actual legislation in order to prevent the legislation from being declared unconstitutional (done by a judge).

18
Q

Injunction Definition

A

A remedy granted by the court directing a party to continue or refrain from an action.

19
Q

Damages Definition


A

Money awarded by the court as compensation for loss or injury; such compensation may be given for actual losses and/or future losses.

20
Q

Stay of Proceedings Definition

A

A judicial remedy used by the courts
to stop the action against an accused
if the continuance of the action would be considered prejudicial to the accused.

21
Q

Affirmative Action Definition

A

Plans designed to remedy disadvantages faced by four designated groups - women, Aboriginal peoples, visible minorities, and people with disabilities.