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Mass Communication Midterm > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

actualities

A

Edited audio clips from people interviewed

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2
Q

agenda setting

A

A percentage amount of the cost of an advertisement that is taken by the advertising agency that helped create and sell the ad

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3
Q

aysnchronous media

A

Media that do not require the audience at a given time. Printed materials and recorded audio and video

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4
Q

banner ad

A

An advertisment across the top of a website and the original form of advertising on the Web.

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5
Q

blog

A

Short for “weblog”, a type of website or feature of a website (typically a specific page in the site map) where a person posts regular journal or diary entries with the posts arranged chronologically.

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6
Q

broadband

A

A network connection that enables a large amount of bandwidth to be transmitted, which allows for more information to be sent in a shorter period of time.

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7
Q

byte

A

The most common base unit used to measure computer storage and information, it consists of eight bits, in a combination of 0’s and 1’s, to form letters, numbers, and all modes of computer information that are displayed.

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8
Q

circulation

A

number of copies sold or distributed

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9
Q

citizen journalism

A

Journalism done by amateurs or volunteers, either with citizen journalism websites, blogs, or as part of a mainstream news organization’s website.

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10
Q

consolidation

A

The process of large companies merging with each other or absorbing other companies, forming even bigger companies.

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11
Q

convergence

A

The coming together of computing, telecommunications, and media in the digital environment.

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12
Q

cookies

A

Information that a website puts on a user’s local hard drive so that it can recognize when that computer accesses the website again. These allow allow for conveniences like password recognition and personalization.

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13
Q

cultural studies

A

A framework in studying theories of communication that shuns the scientific approach used by scholars in the empirical school and that tries to examine the symbolic environment created by mass media and the role mass media plays in culture and society.

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14
Q

cultural transmission

A

The transference of dominanat culture as well as its subcultures, from one generation to the nect or to immigrants, which helps people learn how to fit into society.

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15
Q

digital rights management

A

Various technologies or security codes used to protect copyrighted works from being illegally copied

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16
Q

digital watermark

A

Computer code (usually invisible, but sometimes visible) inserted into any digital content–images, graphics, audio, video, or even text documents-that authenticates the source of that document.

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17
Q

digitization

A

The process in which media is made into computer-readable form

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18
Q

dime novel

A

The first paperback book form.This made it accessible even to the poor.

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19
Q

freemium

A

A subscription type in which subscribers can receive some content for free but if they want to take advantage of all the site has to offer they must pay a monthly subscription.

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20
Q

hyperlink

A

clickable pointer to other online content

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21
Q

independent films

A

Films made by production companies outside the main Hollywood studios.

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22
Q

independent labels

A

Any small record-production and distribution companies. They include companies producing only one or two albums a year, as well as larger independents such as Disney. Produce 66 percent of the albums each year but only 20 percent of the sales.

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23
Q

instant-messaging

A

Often abbreviated to IM, it is a form of real-time communication through typed text over a computer network.

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24
Q

interpersonal communication

A

Communication between two or more individuals, usually in a small groups, although it can involve communication between a live speaker and an audience.

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25
Q

laugh track

A

A device used in television stitcoms that generates pre-recorded laughter, timed to coincide with punch lines of jokes.

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26
Q

listservs (listserves)

A

Automated mailing-list administrators that allow for easy subscription, subscription cancellation, and sending of emails to subscribers on the list.

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27
Q

localization

A

The ability of media-content producers to provide content based on a user’s locale, either done automatically based on an ISP or after the user has provided information such as a city name or zip code.

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28
Q

long-tail

A

The notion that selling a few of many types of items can be as profitable or even more profitable than selling many copies of a few items. The concept works especially well for online sellers such as Amazon or Netflix.

29
Q

mass communication

A

Communication to a large froup or groups of people that remain largely unknown to the sender of the message.

30
Q

mass market paperbacks

A

Inexpensive, soft cover books sold in bookstores and other public places such as supermarkets and drugstores.

31
Q

media literacy

A

The process of interacting with media content and critically analyzing it by considering its particular presentation, its underlying political and social messages, and ownership and regulation issues that may affect what is presented and in what form.

32
Q

mediated communication

A

Communciation that takes place through a medium, such as writing or recording, as opposed to unmediated communication, such as face-to-face discussions.

33
Q

medium

A

A communication channel, such as talking on the telephone, instant messageing, or writing back and forth in a chat room.

34
Q

modem

A

a device that converts digital signals from a computer to analog signals from transmission over a phone line, as well as converting transmitted analog signals to digital signals.

35
Q

multi media

A

A combination of different types of media in one package; thus, film or video with sound is a type of multimedia because it combines visual and audio elements. Web pages that combine text, video, animation, audio, or graphics are another type of multimedia.

36
Q

multitasking

A

In a computer environment, doing several activities at once with a variety of programs, such as simultaneously doing word-processing, spreadsheet, and database work while conducting real-time chat through and instant-messanger service.

37
Q

nanotechnology

A

promises to revolutionize many fields, ranging from electronics, information storage, and even medicine.

38
Q

network (net) neutrality

A

A priniciple that states that broadband networks should be free of restrictions on content, platforms, or equipment and that certain types of content, platforms, or equipment should not get preferential treatment on the network.

39
Q

newsgroups

A

Categories for discussion groups withing Usenet.

40
Q

oligopoly

A

An economic structure in which a few very large, very powerful, and very rich owners control an industry or collection of related industries.

41
Q

open source

A

any program whose source code the programmer allows others to see. This lets others modigy and improve it. Most proprietary software programs do not allow the public to see their source code.

42
Q

opt-in

A

The practice of letting consumers choose to receive mailings or marketing material by having them check a box on a website, usually when registering for the site; a mailing list in which the user has chosen to receive emails and marketing materials

43
Q

payola

A

Cash or gifts given to radio disc jockeys by record labels in exchange for greater airplay given to the label’s artists or most recent songs. The practice is now illegal after several scandals involving payola in the 1950’s.

44
Q

personalization

A

The ability of media-content producers to provide content that is of interest to a specific user based on either criteria the user has selected, such as a zip code, or on automated tracking of their Web-viewing habits.

45
Q

phonograph

A

First patented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877 as a “talking machine,” it used a tinfoil cylinder to record voices from telephone conversations. Successive technological improvements in electronics and the type of material the sounds were recorded on made sound quality better.

46
Q

podcast

A

A program that is usually audio or video that lets users easily subscribe, much like subscribing to a blog.

47
Q

the penny press

A

Differed from older newspaper forms in that they tried to attract as large an audience as possible and were supported by advertising rather than subscriptions.

48
Q

RAM

A

Dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other telephone books, where information is listed either alphabetically or by some other logical category, are examples of books created specifically as random access memory devices.

49
Q

readership

A

refers to the number or percentage of people who read a newspaper, which is larger than the circulation number because some copies are read by more than one person.

50
Q

search engine marketing (SEM)

A

Paying a search engine such as Google or Bing to have a listing or keyword appear prominently when searched.

51
Q

spam

A

Unwanted email sent out by advertisers such as mass mailing. Or blog posts that attempt to market a business rather than respond to the context of the blog itself.

52
Q

storage technology

A

Any type of device or medium in which information can be maintained for later retrieval.

53
Q

studio system

A

An arrangement of film production and distribution dominated by a small number of ““major”” studios in Hollywood. The term refers to the practice of large motion picture studios between the 1920s and 1960s of producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract, and which dominated exhibition through vertical integration, i.e., the ownership or effective control of distributors and exhibition, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques.
Was challenged under the anti-trust laws in a 1948 Supreme Court ruling which sought to separate production from distribution and exhibition and ended such practices, thereby hastening the end of the studio system. By 1954, with television competing for audience and the last of the operational links between a major production studio and theater chain broken, the historic era came to an end.”

54
Q

superstation

A

A local TV station that reaches a national audience by beaming its programming nationside via satellite to local cable systems, which then transmit the program to local subscribers.

55
Q

surveillance

A

Primarily the journalism function of mass communication, which provides informatiion about the processes, issues, events, and other developments in society.

56
Q

synchronous media

A

Media that take place in real time, such as live television or radio, that require the audience to be present during the broadcast or performance.

57
Q

tagging

A

Defining a piece of information, file, image, or other type of digital media in a nonhierarchical system that helps describe what the information is.

58
Q

the penny press

A

Newspapers that sold for a penny, making them accessible to everyone. They differed from older newspaper forms in that they tried to attract as large an audience as possible and were supported by advertising rather than subscriptions.

59
Q

the star system

A

(NOT IN BOOK)

60
Q

time shift

A

Recording an audo or video event for viewing later rather than when the event was originally broadcast. Setting a VCR or DVR to record a favorite program while one is out running errands is an example of time shifting.

61
Q

time-space compression

A

The idea that electronic communication had essentially reduced distances between people because of nearly instantaneous communication, which has also “sped up” our notions of time.

62
Q

troll

A

A person who supposedly vandalizes Wikipedia entries by inserting false or nonsensical information.

63
Q

trolling

A

The practice of posting deliberately obnoxious or disruptive messages to discussion groups or other online forums simply to get a reaction from the participants.

64
Q

user interface

A

The junction between a medium and the people who use it; a technological way of referring to the junction between a medium and the people who use it

65
Q

viral marketing

A

Spreading news and information about media content through word of mouth, usually via online discussion.

66
Q

voice over

A

An unseen announcer or narrator talking while other activity takes place, either on the radio or during a television scene.

67
Q

watermark

A

A symbol or mark embedded in a photograph that identifies who owns the copyright for that photograph. With digital media, any piece of content can be watermarked, and the watermark, itself digital, can be completely invisible.

68
Q

wiki

A

A website that lets anyone add, edit, or delete pages and content.

69
Q

critical theory

A

A theoretical approach broadly influenced by Marxist notions of the role of ideaology, exploitation, capitalism, and the economy in understanding and eventually transforming society.

Mass Communication Midterm (4 decks)

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