Key Terms

Question 1

Type

Answer 1

This is a category of instances within a group, also known as a particular class within a group.
Type letters in ‘College’ are:
‘C’‘O’‘L’‘E’‘G’

Question 2

Token

Answer 2

It is an individual instance of something in a group> E.g., the tokens of the word ‘college’ are:
‘C’‘O’‘L’‘L’‘E’‘G’‘E’

Question 3

Explanatory power

Answer 3

The ability of a theory to explain something intuitively and efficiently, without the confusion of complex terms or concepts.

Question 4

Mind-brain type identity theory

Answer 4

All mental states are identical to brain states (‘ontological’ reduction) although ‘mental state’ and ‘brain state’ are not synonymous (so not an ‘analytic’ reduction).

Question 5

multiple realisability

Answer 5

The different ways in which something may manifest. This list of ways may not be conclusive, and may go on indefinitely.

Question 6

chauvinism

Answer 6

excessive or prejudiced support for one’s own cause or group.