Key Terms

Question 1

Humus layer

Answer 1

Layer of dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays.

Question 2

Permafrost

Answer 2

Ground that’s permanently frozen for at least two consecutive years.

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

Communities of plants and animals interacting with each other and their physical environment

Question 4

Coriolis effect

Answer 4

A force that makes storms swirl clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere

Question 5

Hydraulic action

Answer 5

Force of water against the coast/river bed

Question 6

Abrasion

Answer 6

Material carried in the waves/river ‘sandpapering’ the coastline/river banks

Question 7

Attrition

Answer 7

Material carried by the waves/river bumping into each other and wearing down

Question 8

Solution

Answer 8

Acidity of the water dissolving the coastline/river bank

Question 9

Traction

Answer 9

Large rocks rolled along the sea/river bed

Question 10

Saltation

Answer 10

Pebbles bounced along the sea/river bed

Question 11

Suspension

Answer 11

Small rocks, light enough to be suspended, carried within waves/river

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

Chemicals and dissolved materials carried in the waves/river