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English U3 WJEC > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Semantic Shift

A

Meaning of words change
(Same word)

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2
Q

Lexical Shift

A

Word itself changes (orthographically)

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3
Q

Archaic

A

Obsolete

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4
Q

Compounding

A

Creating words by joining existing words which together have the meaning of the newly coined word
E.g. Teamwork

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5
Q

Affixation

A

Creating new words by adding morphemes onto them
E.g. run + ing = running

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6
Q

Romance Langauges

A

Languages which focus on recreation
Culture / Cuisine / Fashion / Arts / Religion
Latin derived: French / Spanish / Italian / Portuguese

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7
Q

Germanic Languages

A

Languages which focus on function
Things needed to survive: building / town / house
German derived: Anglo-Saxon / Old Norse / Scandinavian languages

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8
Q

Closed-class words

A

Purely grammatical purpose
(Add no true meaning)

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9
Q

Open-class words

A

Add to meaning / context
(Don’t typically add grammatical meaning)

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10
Q

Split-infinitive

A

Infinitive marker ‘to’ + adverb + verb
Latin derived
[Traditional English grammar doesn’t allow this]
E.g. to quickly run

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11
Q

Diachronic change

A

Change within a singular time period

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12
Q

Synchronic Change

A

Change over multiple time periods

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13
Q

Etymological Change: Orthographic Change (5)

A

Change in spelling
Letter interchange / inflected e / phonetic spelling / double or single consonants / prefixes

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14
Q

Etymological Change: Grammatical Change (13)

A

Change in grammar
Verb endings / pronouns / syntax / definite & indefinite articles / omission of auxiliary verbs / sentence types / symbols / parenthesis / speech marks / elision / apostrophes / capitalisation

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15
Q

Definite Article

A

Used before a noun to indicate the identity of the noun
(THE)

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16
Q

Indefinite Article

A

Used before a noun that’s general or when the identity is unknown
(A / AN)

17
Q

Elision

A

The omission of sounds / syllables / words in speech
- Makes language easier to say & faster
E.g. ‘I don’t know’ -> ‘/I duno/’

18
Q

Tenor: Personal texts

A

No requirement for standardised writing
- Writer will not be judged on spelling
Letters / diaries / journals
(PERSONAL PREFERENCE USED)
[consistent non-standard spelling]

19
Q

Etymological Change: Semantic Change

A

Change in meaning

20
Q

Etymological Change: Syntactic Change

A

Change in word order
my dog -> dog min

21
Q

Etymological Change: Phonological Change

A

Change in phonology (sound / pronunciation)

22
Q

Morphology: Agent Nouns

A

A noun created from derivational morphology
[the addition of suffix ‘er’ ‘ar’ ‘or’ onto words]
GERMANIC: ‘er’ / ‘ar’ - teahcer
FRENCH: ‘or’ - pastor

23
Q

Morphology: 12 Word Formation Processes

A

Affixation
Clipping
Neologisms
Blending
Compounding
Conversion
Acronym
Initialism
Broadening
Narrowing
Amelioration
Pejoration

24
Q

Clipping

A

Shortening a word to just a free morpheme
- Swagger > swag

25
Q

Blending

A

Joining morphemes / syllables from an existing word to form a new one
[2 bound morphemes / 1 free & 1 bound morpheme]
- Amazeballs

26
Q

Conversion (word formation)

A

Creating a new word by using an existing word for a different purpose
- Hoover = brand name / Hoover = verb

27
Q

Acronym

A

When abbreviations create words
[acronym is pronounced as a word]
NASA / LASER

28
Q

Initialism

A

Pronouncing the initials of abbreviations to form words
BBC / WJEC

29
Q

Broadening

A

When words take on an additional meaning but still retains a part of their old meaning
Holiday = Holy Day

30
Q

Narrowing

A

When a word gains a more specific meaning over time
OE: mete (meat) = food / now refers to food from an animal

31
Q

Amelioration

A

When a word acquires a more positive meaning over time
[pretty used to mean sly / cunning]

32
Q

Pejoration

A

When a word acquires a more negative meaning over time
[villain used to mean peasant]

33
Q

Elision

A

The omission of sounds / syllables / words in speech
E.g. I don’t know < I duno

34
Q

Idiosyncratic Lexis

A

Inconsistent spelling by one writer

35
Q

Minimal Pair

A

Same phonological outcome

36
Q

Loaded Lexis

A

Passionate language
- Language used to reflect emotions / opinions / biases

37
Q

Morphological Patterns

A

An inflection which always changes meaning in the same way
E.g. word class suffixes (‘ence’ = noun)

38
Q

Patterns in suffixes

A

Verb - ed / s / ing
Adverb - ly
Noun ian
Adjective al

39
Q

Inverted Syntax

A

Syntactic pattern has become inverted (swapped)
- ‘loves not’ = ‘does not love’

English U3 WJEC (13 decks)

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