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PTCB 2022 > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Angina

A

chest pain resulting from restricted blood flow to the heart

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2
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low potassium

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3
Q

Absorption

A

movement of drugs from a delivery medium into the bloodstream

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4
Q

Acute

A

a sudden or rapidly occurring symptom or condition, usually of an urgent nature. Opposite of chronic.

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5
Q

ADME

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (how drugs enter and exit the body)

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6
Q

adrenal glands

A

Located above each kidney that secretes several hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine)

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7
Q

Adrenergic

A

pertaining to neurons that release epinephrine or norepinephrine.

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8
Q

Agonist

A

a substance that stimulates an action

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9
Q

Analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

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10
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction

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11
Q

Anesthetic

A

drug that induces partial or complete loss of sensation

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12
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that opposes an action

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13
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

a drug that treats or prevents cardiac arrhythmias

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14
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that kills or opposes the reproduction of microorganisms

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15
Q

Anticholinergic

A

A drug that opposes parasympathetic (rest & digest) nervous system activity.

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16
Q

Anticoagulant

A

A drug that treats or prevents blood clots

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17
Q

Anticonvulsant/ Antiepileptic

A

A substance or medication that prevents or treats seizures

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18
Q

Antidiabetic

A

a drug that lowers blood sugar levels

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19
Q

Antidote

A

A drug that neutralizes a poison or opposes the effect of a poison

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20
Q

Antifungal

A

A drug that kills or interferes with the reproduction of fungi

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21
Q

Antihistamine

A

prevents the release or blocks the action of histamine, a mediator of allergic reactions, stomach acid production, and mental alertness/wakefulness.

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22
Q

Antiplatelet

A

A drug that opposes the activity of platelets. Platelets play a major role in blood clot formation.

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23
Q

Antipsychotic

A

A drug that treats or prevents psychosis

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24
Q

Antipyretic

A

A drug that reduces fever

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25
Q

Antitussive

A

drug that suppresses a cough

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26
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

hardening and occlusion of arteries caused by build-up of calcium and cholesterol

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27
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

A type of cardiac arrhythmia in which the right atrium receives irregular electrical impulses from the nervous system causing rapid, irregular heartbeat. This irregular heartbeat can cause blood clots capable of travelling to the brain and causing strokes.

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28
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia

A

Any condition in which the heart beats irregularly

29
Q

Ceiling Effect

A

A phenomenon where the therapeutic effect increases only up to a certain point. Higher doses impart no additional benefit,causing additional side effects without increasing the therapeutic effect.

30
Q

Cholinergic

A

A drug that produces or mimics the effects of acetylcholine

31
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart, typically caused by atherosclerosis

32
Q

Corticosteroid

A

an anti-inflammatory drug that mimics cortisol (produced by adrenal gland)

33
Q

Depressant

A

A drug that decreases nerve activity, potentially to the point of sedation.

34
Q

Diuresis

A

increased urine production

35
Q

Edema

A

swelling

36
Q

Electrolytes

A

electrically charged minerals

37
Q

Elimination

A

Physiologic removal of product from the body. Usually the liver metabolizes and deactivates a drug and then the kidneys transfer the waste into urine for elimination.

38
Q

Embolism

A

obstruction of blood vessel by debris or foreign body

39
Q

Emesis

A

vomiting

40
Q

Enzyme

A

A catalyst for chemical reaction

41
Q

Epistaxis

A

nosebleed

42
Q

Expectorant

A

a drug that thins mucus, makes it easier to cough up

43
Q

Glaucoma

A

Disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure

44
Q

Gout

A

A disease characterized by severe joint pain and inflammation

45
Q

Heart Failure

A

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump forcefully or effectively enough to meet the needs of the body.

46
Q

Histamine

A

A substance produced within the body that, when released, elicits symptoms associated with allergic reactions (runny nose, itchy/watery eyes, rashes). Also plays a role in stomach acid production and mental alertness/wakefulness.

47
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase

A

The key enzyme involved in hepatic cholesterol production

48
Q

Indication

A

a use for a drug; a condition or symptom for which a drug is effective in treating.

49
Q

Lacrimation

A

The production of tears

50
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

An event in which a portion of heart muscle tissue dies due to occlusion of the coronary artery

51
Q

Nephron

A

The most basic unit of the kidney. Diuretic drugs work by modulating electrolyte exchange at certain locations in the nephron.

52
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

A chemical in the body that causes blood vessels to dilate/expand

53
Q

NSAIDS (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)

A

medications that work similarly to corticosteroids, reduces pain and swelling caused by inflammation

54
Q

Parenteral

A

Administered by a route other than gastrointestinal tract.

55
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A
56
Q

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5)

A

a key enzyme involved in the breakdown of nitric oxide

57
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urine production.

58
Q

Pregnancy Category

A

A rating that summarizes the risk of using a particular drug during pregnancy. The pregnancy categories are A,B,C,D, and X. A is the least likely to cause birth defects, X is the most likely.

59
Q

Priapism

A

Painful, prolonged erection

60
Q

Prophylaxis

A

prevention

61
Q

Prostaglandins

A

a group of chemicals naturally produced and released within the body for various functions, including the promotion of inflammation.

62
Q

QT Interval

A

The time between the Q-wave and T-wave on an electrocardiogram.

63
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

a condition caused by excessive stimulation of serotonin receptors.

64
Q

Solute

A

a drug that is dissolved in solution

65
Q

Solution

A

the liquid that contains a dissolved drug; a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute and solvent

66
Q

Solvent

A

the liquid part of a solution where the solute is dissolved.

67
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

A

a disease characterized by fever and severe skin rashes involving the mouth, eyes, and mucous membranes

68
Q

Syncope

A

pass out, faint.

69
Q

Stroke

A

an event in which an era of the brain dies due to insufficient blood flow

PTCB 2022 (8 decks)

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