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Massage Theory > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of Ischemic?

A

The restriction of blood supply which causes a shortage of oxygen.

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2
Q

What are the key differences between chronic and acute pain?

A

Acute is shorter term (weeks to months) whilst chronic is longer term (more than 6months)

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3
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The wastage of muscle through disuse, disease, injury or malnutrition.

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4
Q

What is a contraction?

A

The activation of tension-generating sites within the muscle fibres.

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5
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of the cells

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6
Q

What is scar tissue?

A

An area of fibrous tissue replacing normal skin following an injury.

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7
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

The deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues.

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8
Q

What is myopathy?

A

Disease of the muscle tissue.

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9
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis?

A

Dynamic equilibrium of internal environment, function and chemical compositions through the process of feedback and regulation.

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10
Q

What is abduction?

A

The movement of a limb AWAY from the medial plane.

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11
Q

What is fatigue?

A

A decline in the ability of the muscle to generate force, as a result of vigorous exercise.

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12
Q

What is nerve impingement?

A

When pressure is placed on a nerve by fascia, muscle or joints.

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13
Q

What is an adhesion?

A

The binding together of normally separate tissues resulting in the restriction of mobility.

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14
Q

What is effusion?

A

The accumulation of fluid as a result of irritation to synovial membrane.

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15
Q

What is extension?

A

An increase in the angle between bone and bone at a joint (straightening).

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16
Q

What is fasciculation?

A

A brief spontaneous contraction of a small number of muscle fibres causing a flicker of movement under the skin.

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17
Q

What is flexion?

A

The reduction in angle between bone and bone at a joint (bending).

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18
Q

What is the definition of tension?

A

Refers to condition where muscle remain semi-contracted for an extended period of time.

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19
Q

What is rotation?

A

The movement of a limb around its long axis (medially or laterally).

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20
Q

What is hypertonicity?

A

A state of abnormally high muscle tone.

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21
Q

What is a spasm?

A

The involuntary contraction of a muscle

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22
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement of a limb towards the medial plane.

23
Q

What is protraction?

A

Taking the limb forward.

24
Q

What is hypotonicity?

A

The condition where there is an abnormally low muscle tone.

25
Q

What is retraction?

A

Taking the limb backwards?

26
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of the blood vessels resulting in the increase in blood flow.

27
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of blood vessels resulting in the reduction of blood flow.

28
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Located in the belly of the muscle responding to both sudden and prolonged stretches.

29
Q

What is muscle guarding?

A

A protective response in the muscles from pain or fear of movement. Treated by relaxing the muscles.

30
Q

What is meant by compensation?

A

Process of counterbalancing a defect in the body structure or function.

31
Q

What is cramp?

A

A sudden and involuntary painful contraction of the muscle(s)

32
Q

What is asymmetry?

A

The lack of equality or equilibrium between body parts.

33
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate. High energy molecule found in every cell to store and supply the cell with energy.

34
Q

What is oedema?

A

Swelling as a result of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue.

35
Q

What is meant by circulatory?

A

Systems that depend on the pumping action of skeletal muscles

36
Q

What is the Golgi Tendon?

A

Receptors in the tendon that sense tension

37
Q

What is hypertonia?

A

Term used alongside the spasticity and rigidity in regards to damage to the CNS associated with increased tightness of muscle tone and reduced capacity to stretch

38
Q

What is an inflammatory response?

A

A normal mechanism characterised by pain, heat, redness and swelling that usually speeds up recovery from infection or injury

39
Q

What is meant by Motorpoint?

A

Where a motor nerve enters the muscle it innervates and caused muscle to switch if stimulated

40
Q

What is a musculotendinous junction?

A

The point where muscle fibres end and connective tissue continues to form the tendon

41
Q

What is meant by myofibril?

A

A very small longitudinal fibre found in skeletal or cardiac muscle

42
Q

What is meant by neuromuscular?

A

Interaction between nervous system control of the muscles and response of the muscles to nerve signals

43
Q

What is a trigger point?

A

Hyper-irritable spot associated with a taut band of skeletal muscle which is painful on compression or contraction. Often accompanied by palpable nodules. Can be latent or active.

44
Q

What is meant by caudal?

A

Towards the hindquarters

45
Q

What is meant by cranial?

A

Towards the head

46
Q

What is meant by rostral?

A

Towards the nose

47
Q

What is meant by dorsal?

A

Back surface or top line

48
Q

What is meant by ventral?

A

Underneath/ belly side

49
Q

What is meant by proximal?

A

Closer to the body

50
Q

What is meant by distal?

A

Further from main part of body

51
Q

What is meant by palmer?

A

Some of front paw continuing to back of knee

52
Q

What is meant by plantar?

A

Sole of hind paw continuing to back of hock

53
Q

What is meant by lateral?

A

Away from the midline

54
Q

What is meant by medial?

A

Towards the mid line

Massage Theory (8 decks)

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