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Cardiovascular > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Blast =

A

Immature cell (only partially differentiated)

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2
Q

Cytosis =

A

More than normal cell numbers

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3
Q

-Penia =

A

Lack of cells

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4
Q

What is tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate above average
Eg resting over 100bpm
(sign of anaemia)

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5
Q

What is koilonychia

A

Spoon shaped nails (sign of iron deficient anaemia)

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6
Q

What is angular stomatitis

A

Cracking at the corners of the mouth (sign of iron deficient anaemia)

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7
Q

What is glossitis

A

A sore red tongue (sign of anaemia)

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8
Q

What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

A measurement taken in a blood test that helps diagnose types of anaemia

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9
Q

What is intrinsic factor

A

A glycoprotein produced by the stomach which is required for absorption of B12 in the small intestine

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10
Q

What is pancytopenia

A

Lack of all three blood cell types

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11
Q

What is hypocellular bone marrow

A

Few or no cells within

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12
Q

What is a splenomegaly

A

Excess haemolysis in the spleen causes it to enlarge, leading to abdominal distention & a feeling of fullness quickly whilst eating - Sign of haemolytic anaemias

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13
Q

What are vascular occulsions

A

Blockages in blood vessels

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14
Q

Vasodilation =

A

Reducing blood pressure

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15
Q

Vasoconstriction =

A

Increasing blood pressure

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16
Q

What does the ‘mediastinum’ refer to

A

Where the heart is located in the thoracic cavity

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17
Q

What is the pulse

A

A blood pressure wave orignating from the heart which varies depending on stage of life

18
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The volume of blood being pumped out by the heart per minute

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate (avg = 5 L/min)

19
Q

What is the stroke volume

A

Volume ejected from heart per beat from both ventricles

20
Q

What is the systole

A

The force that drives blood out of the heart (contraction)

21
Q

What is the diastole

A

Peroid of relaxation when the heart fills with blood

22
Q

What is bradycardia

A

Resting heart rate below normal eg under 60bpm

23
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted by circulating blood on the blood vessel walls
The pressure progressively decreases away from the heart
Highest priority of blood supply yo heart and brain

24
Q

What is cholesterol

A

A vital compound for cell structure & function.
It is in every body cell
It is acquired from liver cells (hepatocytes) & diet
It is hydrophobic & needs to be transported around the body as lipoproteins

25
Q

What is ischaemic pain

A

Inadequate blood supply to organ/tissue

26
Q

What is placental infarction

A

Lack of blood supply to womb thus increased risk of miscarriage

27
Q

What is a differential diagnosis

A

The process of differentiating between two or more conditions which share similar presentations

28
Q

What is a hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

29
Q

What is agglutination

A

Where all cells stick together & then break down

30
Q

What is petechiae

A

Micro-haemorrhages in the skin

31
Q

What is haematuria

A

Blood in urine

Sign of low thrombocyte count

32
Q

What is haemarthrosis

A

Inflammation, pain & bleeding in joints

33
Q

What is hypercholesterolaemia

A

Elevated cholesterol levels in the blood

34
Q

What is xanthelasma

A

Cholesterol fatty deposits underneath skin, yellow bumps often occuring around eyes
A sign of hypercholesterolaemia

35
Q

What is corneal

Arcus

A

A fatty ring around the iris that appears white/opaque

Sign of hypercholesterolaemia

36
Q

What is dysphasia

A

Difficulty speaking

37
Q

What is haematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

38
Q

What is melaena

A

Black tarry stools

39
Q

What is homocysteine

A

A type of amino acid in the blood
High levels indicate an increased risk of heart disease
B12 can help lower levels

40
Q

What is an angioplasty

A

Unblocking of an artery

41
Q

What is thrombolytic therapy

A

‘Clot busters’

Form plasmin which breakd cross-links of fibrin molecules

42
Q

What are arrhythmias

A

Any disorder of heart rate/rhythm

Cardiovascular (4 decks)

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