Key Terms

Question 1

Dipole

Answer 1

attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Question 2

Hydrogen bond

Answer 2

The positive end of hydrogen molecules attracts the negative end of oxygen molecules. The bonds which are then formed between the molecules are hydrogen bonds.

Question 3

Ionic bond

Answer 3

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming charged ions which are attracted to each other.

Question 4

Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 4

Hydrophobic interactions describe the relations between water and hydrophobes (low water-soluble molecules). The mixing of fat and water is an example of this interaction.

Question 5

Disulphide bond

Answer 5

A disulfide bond is a covalent bond between two sulfur atoms (-S-S-).

Question 6

Glycosidic bond

Answer 6

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.

Question 7

Ester bond

Answer 7

A bond between a fatty acid chain and glycerol formed in a condensation reaction.

Question 8

Peptide bond

Answer 8

A bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another in a condensation reaction.

Question 9

Condensation reaction

Answer 9

A reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a watger molecule.

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between
them and causes them to stick together.

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

The process through which identical molecules interact and stick to one another.

Question 13

Latent heat of evaporation

Answer 13

Energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in it’s physical state.

Question 14

Specific heat capacity

Answer 14

The amount of heat one gram of a stubstance must absorb to raise it’s temperature by one degree celsius.

Question 15

Monosaccharide

Answer 15

Individual sugar molecules.

Question 16

Disaccharide

Answer 16

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.

Question 17

Polysaccharide

Answer 17

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.

Question 18

Amylose

Answer 18

Unbranched chain of glucose molecules.

Question 19

Amylopectin

Answer 19

Water soluble polysaccharide and a highly branched polymer.

Question 20

Triglyceride

Answer 20

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of onne molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

Question 21

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 21

They have no double bonds between neighbouring carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tail. They carry the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms, therefore they cannot absorb any more and are saturated.

Question 22

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 22

They have double bonds between neighbouring carbon atoms and do not contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. Therefore they can absorb more and are unsaturated.

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Lack of an affinity for water.

Question 24

Hydrophilic

Answer 24

Having a strong aphinity for water.

Question 25

Polypeptide

Answer 25

A polymer made of many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Question 26

Amino acid

Answer 26

Monomers of protein.

Question 27

Side chain

Answer 27

The side chain which is different on each of the 20 amino acids

Question 28

Primary protein structure

Answer 28

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 29

Secondary protein structure

Answer 29

The local interactions of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 30

Teriary protein structure

Answer 30

Describes the golding of a protein to make a three dimensional structure.

Question 31

Quaternary structure

Answer 31

A structure that describes the interactions between multiple polypeptide chains.

Question 32

Polymer

Answer 32

A molecule made from many repeating monomers joined together.

Question 33

Monomer

Answer 33

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made.