Key Stuff Flashcards
Who did connotations and denotation?
Bathes
Who did dominated reading?
Hall
Demographics
Can’t easily change
Psychographics
Can change
What is primary?
Own opinion
What is secondary?
Opinion influenced by others
What might not exist anymore?
Due to?
Mass audience
Market audience segmentation
Broadcasting?
Large audience
Narrowcasting?
Why is it taking over?
Niche audience
Text that can attract large numbers of viewers decreasing - personalisation and filter bubbles
Why still purchasing newspapers?
Out of habit and
Do mass text products still exist?
Yes Harry Potter and Eastenders
Active audience
Respond and negotiate
Users and gratifications and social network
Passive audiences
Influenced by text hypodermic and cultivation and two step flow theory
Cultivation/desensitisation theory
Gerbner
Users and gratifications theory
Bulmer and Katz
How audiences are restrained
Expense- not all channels free
Access- restricted
Unintended access- adverts
What suggests we are products with no control
‘Illusion of power’
Resistant audience
Continually seek to oppose dominant reading
Bartes
Codes and conventions
Todorov
Equilibrium
Propp
Character types
Hero and villain
Binary opposites
Paradigms
Syntagma
Signs (detectives and smoking) New meaning (crime fiction)
Hybrid genre
Uses several paradigms eg rom com to double audience
Digital revolution
UGC anyone with internet and computer can make websites, blogs, video content or radio shows
Large corporations
Less?
Conglomerates
Diversity, single dominant view
Commercial channels
Competitive as possible attract audiences attract advertisers which continue to pay higher rates
Other ways institutions make money
Export programmes abroad and premium rate phone lines
Institutions represent
Elite primary definers of society - Marxist reading
Representations
Reflect or over time create dominant ideologie
Reality TV
Cheap and attractive fulfils all users and gratifications
Heart of reality tv
Power audience have
Emotional realism
Voyeuristic in form of Humilitainment
Builds culture of anticipation and anxiety over missing key moment
‘Coming up’ and ‘next time’
Narrative cycle of reality tv to keep audiences satisfied
Tension
Conflict
Resolution
News plays important ideological role
Shaped attitudes and beliefs through interpreting the world for us
Presents information locally nationally and globally we wouldn’t normally have access to
The news
Baudrillard
Concern for creating ‘reality’ within which we exist
News is selected and mediated
6-10 stories a day out of billions world wide
What is increasing on news?
UGC
Internet and phone apps can
Select news interested in - filter bubbles
How many hour rolling news channels
24hour
Internet sites concentrate on
Creates
Headline and condensed stories
Dumbed down content and content without context
Speed of news information becoming more important
Raises question on validity
Successful commuter papers and programmes on tv have
60sec news
News focus on the
Negative
Institutions governed by need for
Profit and good viewing figures
Syntagram
Hierarchal order of news stories in news bulletin
Moral panics
Teens knife crime and gangs Islam and terrorist threats Out of control comedians Paedophiles Benefit ‘scroungers’
Moral panic on viral disease
Swine flu
SARS
Bird flu
Moral panic violent video games
Effect on behaviour and overuse of consoles
Influence of ‘hardcore music such as
Slip knot
Marilyn Manson - columbine high school video rock is dead shooting, blamed for 36 school shootings
Greatest moral panic today
Mass immigration hard to put blame
How moral panic happens
Builds over weeks and months must be repeated by mass media showing increasing concern
Post 9/11
Changed narrative action films and role of American hero interest in just war and good vs evil (ww1 films and games)
Post 9/11 representation
Zombie and vampires
‘Other’ moved to Middle Eastern countries - fear deepened with Muslim fundamentalists
Obsession with ‘one of us’ but ‘not us’
Mass amateurization
Capabilities new forms of media have given to non-professionals making high skilled professionals redundant
Dominant western view
Narrow range of choices
Super injunctions
Privacy and the web ‘public right to know’
Expanding digital industries out of industries control
Music file sharing
Film downloads
Online print media
Watershed
Time when tv programmes unsuitable for children broadcasted
No watershed
Demand services
Changes from mass audience to segmented audiences
Large variety of products
Blogging and comments
Shaping media content not ‘controlled’
Shrinking traditional industries
Print media
Music industry especially CD market and DVD sales
Semiotics
How audiences create meanings from codes and signs
Post
Modernism
Bicolage
Collage of different media texts
Pastiche
Media text imitating another in positive way
Parody
Media text imitates another in order to mock
Hyperreality
Believing simulation is real creating idealistic representations of reality that out perform actual reality audience becomes depressed because life doesn’t live up to artificial reality
Simulacrum
Representation of a person or thing - editing and artificial
Feminism
Challenge traditional power structures that exist between the genders.
Institutions run by
Their ideologies
Major implications on who
‘White middle/upper class men Ideologies create dominant ideologies in society Women non-white and working class
Mulvey
‘Male gaze’
Post feminism
Allow women to use their sexuality for their own benefit giving them power
Suggest still gender divide
Recent trolling of high profile women on social networking
Representation of women in gaming
Marxism
Elite few are in continual state of conflict with masses
Hegemony
Dominant group persuades mass that power structure is necessary maintains control through negotiation and not force
Liberal pluralism
Capitalism suffer a free media responding to demands of the consumers
Cross cultural factors
Genres and texts created in other countries
Globalisation
Media texts ‘translated’ around the world
Global products
Brands - Nike, coke and apple
Texts - Toy story, Harry Potter and Sherlock
American industries owned by
Sometimes referred to as
Conflict to people from
Western conglomerates
Disneyfication
Cultures significantly different from those in the West
