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Sociology > Key studies Role of Education (Functionalism) > Flashcards

Key studies Role of Education (Functionalism) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

According to Bernstein (1961) what was the vital task of the education system?

A
  • ‘the welding of a mass of individuals into a united whole’
  • people from all backgrounds need to form a united society
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2
Q

According to Durkheim what is the best way to create a united society of people from different backgrounds?

A
  • teach subjects
    > history, (so they feel more connected and seen as part of something bigger)
    > English (learn a common language)
  • having a national curriculum which instils norms/values of all races/religions.
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3
Q

What does Durkheim believe the function of social institutions is?

A
  • promote/maintain social cohesion/unity
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4
Q

According to Durkheim (1925) how does education promote Social solidarity?

A
  • through learning social rules of behaviour of a society from one gen to another
  • helps unite all individuals in society, creates sense of belonging/commitment to society
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5
Q

How does education promote Cooperation?

A
  • through learning of social rules of behaviour, backed by sanctions
  • people socialised to become effective workers
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6
Q

According to Durkheim (1925) what does education develop to benefit society?

A
  • all special/specific skills needed in society for specialist jobs
    e. g. literacy, numeracy/cooperation
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7
Q

What did Durkheim (1925) see as the main role of education?

A
  • the transmission of norms/values of society
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8
Q

How did Durkheim (1925) view schools?

A
  • societies in miniature = individuals learn to interact with others/follow fixed rules
  • prepares for later life when individuals have to get on with others/adhere to societal rules
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9
Q

According to Durkheim what is moral responsibility in education?

A
  • how we treat each other
    e. g. prevent strategies (gov) (tolerance/respect, British values, cyberbullying awareness)
  • argues education should emphasise it
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10
Q

What is moral education?

A
  • helping individuals to acquire a set of beliefs and values regarding what is right and wrong
  • guides behaviours towards others/environment
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11
Q

What did Durkheim want education to be seen as?

A
  • an agency of secondary socialisation
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12
Q

According to Durkheim what is one of the primary functions of education in industrialised society?

A
  • socialise people into instrumental relationships (relations based on what you do can benefit you)
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13
Q

According to Durkheim what are the two basic functions of education?

A
  • prepare individuals for roles they’ll play in adult life
  • promote social solidarity (unity) :
    > understanding the world
    > experience collective behaviour by secondary socialisation
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14
Q

What does Durkheim conclude?

A
  • family charged with functions of basic primary socialisation/developments of individual personalities
  • education charged with forging those personalities into a wider sense of social solidarity based on instrumental bonds
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15
Q

What does Parsons stress in addition to what Durkheim argues?

A
  • education has significant role in allocating individuals to their social roles
  • for society to function properly must be an agreement about values (value consensus)
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16
Q

According to Parsons how are individuals allocated their roles?

A
  • Through a meritocracy (idea that everyone has equal opportunity for achievements or position/reward based on effort/ability)
17
Q

What standard is socialised within the family?

A
  • particularistic standards (children treated as particular individuals)
18
Q

What standard is socialised within school?

A
  • universalistic standards (children judged according to standards that apply equally to everybody)
19
Q

What is ascribed status?

A
  • in families status fixed by birth
20
Q

What is achieved status?

A
  • society as a whole status based in merit = status being achieved
21
Q

According to Parsons (1961) what are the three main functions of education?

A
  • bridge between family and wider society
  • socialises children into basic values of society
  • selects people for their future roles in society
22
Q

According to Parsons (1961) What does the education system represent?

A
  • one of a number of inter-related/inter-dependent institutions in society
  • each institutions (education, family…) preform different functions
23
Q

According to Parsons (1961) what is the needs of work?

A
  • trained people (literate/numerate)
  • socialised people
  • specific skills (technical/practical)
24
Q

According to Parsons (1961) what was the purpose of the family?

A
  • primary socialisation
  • basic literacy/numeracy
  • care/comfort
25
Q

According to Parsons (1961) what was the purpose of education?

A
  • secondary socialisation
  • vocational training (low level)
  • academic training (higher level)
  • selection of individuals (adult role allocation)
26
Q

According to Parsons (1961) how does education benefit society?

A
  • develops/co-ordinates human resources
  • selects individuals on basis of ability (meritocracy)
  • develops social cohesion through secondary socialisation (socialising individuals into core social values)
27
Q

According to Parsons how does the education system arise to fill ‘social need’?

A
  • socialising individuals into basic needs of workplace
    > punctuality
    > routines
    > respect for authority figure
    > development of varying levels of responsibility/initiative
28
Q

What does Parsons conclude?

A
  • education should socialise people young people into consensus agreement
  • schools should be meritocratic (equality of opportunity)
29
Q

According to Davis/Moore ( 1945) what is the main function of education?

A
  • role allocation (education system sifts/sorts people according to their abilities/qualifications, so important jobs are allocated to most abled people)
  • based on meritocracy
30
Q

According to Davis/Moore (1945) how is education beneficial to society?

A
  • most important jobs are very rewarding = motivating those to work hard to achieve these positions
31
Q

According to Davis/Moore (1945) what does education ensure?

A
  • competent people fulfil the important roles within society/motivated to work hard
32
Q

What does Davis argue?

A
  • education is the proving ground for ability, hence the selective agency for placing people in different statuses according to abilities
33
Q

What does Davis/Moore (1945) argue?

A
  • for modern industrialised society to develop successfully it is necessary for most able/talented to take on most functionally important adult roles in workplace
34
Q

What does Blau/Duncan (1978) argue?

A
  • modern economy depends for its prosperity on using ‘human capital’ (workers skills)
  • meritocratic system does this best, enables each person allocated the best job for their abilities

Sociology (9 decks)

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