Key Stats

Question 1

how many new workers in st petersburg from 1890 to 1914
urbanisation
(February revolution)

Answer 1

St Petersburg 1890=1 million, 1914=2.2 million

Question 2

working class - literacy rates change
(February revolution)

Answer 2

literacy rates doubled:
1887=28.4%, 1916=56%

Question 3

WW1 casualties

Answer 3

• 300,000 dead or wounded at battle of Tannenberg
• 1.5 million deserters in 1916
• over 15 million (8.8%) mobilised by 1918
• 1.8 million (12%) killed
• 5 million (1/3) wounded

Question 4

WW1 economy

Answer 4

• 1.5 billion spent
• wages doubled
• price of food and fuel quadrupled
• 1916 petrograd + moscow received 1/3 of food and fuel requirements (moscow: 2,000 wagons to 700 per month by 1917)
• 1917 bread rations in petrograd from 2.7 lbs to 1.8

Question 5

Land
(October revolution)

Answer 5

237 seizures in July

Question 6

economy
(October revolution)

Answer 6

• 586 factories closed in petrograd from Feb to July 1917
• 100,000 unemployed
• grain prices doubled in same period

Question 7

July days
(October revolution)

Answer 7

roits and 20,000 Kronsdatsailors demand soviets seize power

Question 8

Red army
(civil war)

Answer 8

end of 1919 - 3 million
end of 1920 - 5 million

Question 9

Foreign intervention
(civil war)

Answer 9

Churchill sent £100 million

Question 10

Votes
(consolidation of power)

Answer 10

• populour in cities- around 50% ofvote for constituents
• Bolsheviks only won 24% of vote nationally

Question 11

red terror
(consolidation of power)

Answer 11

• official records = 13,000 executed 1918-20
• real figures nearer 300,000
• 5% prisoners in Moscow were children

Question 12

Brest-Litovsk
(consolidation of power)

Answer 12

• lost 1/3 of European russia
• Forced to pay 3 billion roubles

Question 13

economy
(consolidation of power)

Answer 13

• bread ration cut by 1/3rd in Jan 1921
• industrial production at 1/7th of 1913 levels
• agricultural production at 1/3rd of 1913 levels

Question 14

economic success
(NEP)

Answer 14

1913 vs 1921 vs 1926:
- grain: 80 - 37 - 76 million tons
- coal: 29 - 9 - 27 million tons
- Iron: 4 - 0.1 - 2 million tons
- steel: 4 - 0.2 - 3 million tons

Question 15

control success
(NEP)

Answer 15

• Mensheviks and SRs outlawed- 5,000 Mensheviks arrested in 1921
• show trails: 34 SR leaders condemned as terrorists and 11 executed

Question 16

economic failure
(NEP)

Answer 16

• consumer goods recovered less e.g cotton production static, less wool produced
• Grain exports 1/3 1913 levels in 1928

Question 17

control failure
(NEP)

Answer 17

• Nepmen: private traders supplying up to 3/4 retail trade by 1923
• workers: strikes, housing shortages and low wages ( 50% of 1913 levels)

Question 18

Agricultural Economy
(Collectivisation)

Answer 18

• grain production = 73 millions tons in 1928 but fell to 68 million in 1933
• cattle = 70 million in 1928 to 42 million in 1934

Question 19

industrial economy
(Collectivisation)

Answer 19

• procurement: 1928 = 11 million tons, 1933 = 22 million tons
• exports: 1928 = 0.03 million tons, 1931 = 5 million tons

Question 20

political control
(Collectivisation)

Answer 20

• 7 million peasants died in the famine between 1932-1934
• 10 million peasants lost land (forced to move to cities)
• 2-3 million killed directly or in gulag labour camps
• Collectivised: 1930 = 50%, 1934 = 70%, 1936 = 90%

Question 21

economic success
(5yr plans)

Answer 21

• coal: 1928 = 35.5 million tons, 1940 = 166 million tons
• steel: 1928 = 3.4 million tons, 1940 = 13 million tons