Key Question 1 (AI) Flashcards
What was the structure of pre-industrial society?
- simple structure
- fewer statuses
- the monarchy and aristocracy owned the land
- lower class and peasant population unable to own land
- limited production
- limited communication between communities
- absent or primitive level of education, science etc.
What changes occurred in agriculture during the Industrial Revolution?
- population increase, increased demand for food
- high prices due to war time inflation (Napoleonic wars) encouraged investment in agriculture
- more productive farming system (enclosure) increased between 1750-1850
- Parliament passed over 4000 Acts of Enclosure
Who invented the seed drill and in what year?
Jethro Tull in 1701
What agricultural practice did Robert Bakewell begin in the 1760s?
Selective breeding
What did Charles Townshend introduce in the 1770s?
Four-crop rotation
What was the role of Arthur Young in the 1770s?
He wrote about new methods and spread ideas more widely
Fill in the blank: The population increase during the Industrial Revolution led to an increased demand for _______.
[food]
True or False: The monarchy and aristocracy in pre-industrial society did not own land.
False
What was a significant agricultural innovation introduced by Jethro Tull?
Seed drill
Fill in the blank: The _______ passed over 4000 Acts of Enclosure between 1750-1850.
[Parliament]
Which war caused high prices that encouraged investment in agriculture?
Napoleonic wars
Why was the agricultural revolution important?
It was essential to start the industrial revolution
The agricultural revolution enabled significant societal changes that facilitated industrial growth.
What was one effect of the agricultural revolution on urban populations?
A growing urban population could now be fed
This increase in food supply supported urbanization.
What ensured that there were no shortages during the agricultural revolution?
The home market consumed all food produced
This consumption created a stable society.
Who provided a market for goods produced during the agricultural revolution?
Agricultural workers
Their demand for goods stimulated industrial growth.
How did landowners benefit from the agricultural revolution?
They made profits which could be invested into industrial enterprises
This investment was crucial for industrial development.
What dual role did agriculture play during the agricultural revolution?
Provider and customer
Agriculture provided wool to the textile industry and bought finished products.
What was essential for investing in industrial enterprises between 1750-1850?
Capitalism
Capitalism allowed for the investment of money into ventures like canal buildings and machinery.
What was less of a problem at the beginning of the industrial revolution?
Establishing enterprises was relatively cheap
Initial costs for setting up industrial enterprises were lower than in later stages.
What types of funds were required for industrial enterprises?
Funds for buildings, machinery, and raw materials
These were necessary for the establishment and operation of industrial enterprises.
What essential invention generated power through coal and water?
The steam engine
The steam engine was a pivotal development during the industrial revolution.
What resource was in great demand and abundant in Britain during the industrial revolution?
Coal
Coal was crucial for powering steam engines and other industrial processes.
Who wanted to extract coal for profit?
Landowners with coal under their land
Landowners had a vested interest in mining coal due to its profitability.
What was the main problem faced by coal mines?
Mines were filled with water
The presence of water made the mines unstable and difficult to operate.
What needed to be done to address the issue of water in the mines?
Water had to be pumped out
Effective drainage solutions were necessary to stabilize the mines.
