Key Points

Question 1

Which of vertical line(s) is / are used to demarcate the nine regions of the abdomen?

Answer 1

Midclavicular lines

Question 2

What vertebral level does the intertubercular line pass through?

Answer 2

L5

Question 3

Which of the following muscles lies most superficial in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 3

External oblique

Question 4

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of which of the following arteries?

Answer 4

Internal thoracic artery

Question 5

What does the internal thoracic artery give rise to

Answer 5

Musculophrenic and superior Epigastric arteries

Question 6

What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of

Answer 6

Subclavian artery

Question 7

What is the inferior Epigastric artery a branch of

Answer 7

External iliac artery

Question 8

Which of the following nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 8

Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Thoraco-abdominal nerves T7 - 11
Subcostal nerve

Question 9

The transversalis fascia contributes to which border(s) of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

The transversalis fascia is the deepest layer of the anterior abdominal wall - only the parietal peritoneum lies deep to it. It therefore contributes to the posterior border and the roof of the inguinal canal.

Question 10

What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal formed from

Answer 10

largely by the external oblique aponeurosis, with a contribution laterally from the internal oblique aponeurosis.

Question 11

What is the floor of the inguinal canal formed from

Answer 11

inguinal ligament - the lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis.

Question 12

The medial umbilical folds represent the remnant(s) of which embryological structure(s)?

Answer 12

umbilical arteries

Question 13

The median umbilical folds represents the remnants if which structure

Answer 13

urachus, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus in the fetus

Question 14

The liver is connected to the anterior abdominal wall by which peritoneal structure?

Answer 14

Falciform ligament

Question 15

Which of the following parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Answer 15

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Rectum

Question 16

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 16

T10

Question 17

Which of the following arteries arises from the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 17

Right gastro-omental

Question 18

A Meckel’s diverticulum is an outpouching of gut found in which region of the intestine?

Answer 18

Distal ileum
. It results if the embryonic vitelline duct (a connection between the midgut loop and the yolk sac) does not regress / degenerate. It is usually asymptomatic, but it can become inflamed, mimicking an appecndicitis

Question 19

The ascending colon is predominently supplied by which artery?

Answer 19

Right colic

Question 20

features of the large intestine

Answer 20

Epiploic appendages, haustrations and taeniae coli

Question 21

Where are rugae located

Answer 21

Stomach

Question 22

Where are plicae circulares located

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 23

Which vein enters the splenic vein?

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 24

The right and left common iliac veins unite to form …

Answer 24

Inferior vena cava

Question 25

Pelvic splanchnic nerves contain which type of fibre and arise fom which region of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

Parasympathetic, from S2 - S4

Question 26

Which three structures lie in the free edge of the lesser omentum?

Answer 26

common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein

Question 27

The liver is attached to the diaphragm by which perioneal ligaments / structures?

Answer 27

Coronary and triangular ligaments

Question 28

The surface marking of the fundus of the gallbladder is at the tip of which costal cartilage?

Answer 28

9th

Question 29

If gallbladder pathology irritates the diaphragm, pain is typically referred to which region?

Answer 29

Right shoulder

Question 30

Which artieries contribute to the blood supply of the pancreas?

Answer 30

Gastroduodenal
Splenic
Superior mesenteric

Question 31

An ulcer in the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum may erode through which artery, causing significant intra-abdominal bleeding?

Answer 31

Gastroduodenal

Question 32

The spleen is protected by which ribs?

Answer 32

9-11

Question 33

Jaundice is most likely to result when malignancy is located in which part of the pancreas?

Answer 33

Head

Question 34

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries

Answer 34

L4