Key Points Flashcards
Four components of body fluid
Water
Electrolytes
Nonelctrolytes
Blood cells
Fluid compartments (4)
Intracellular: Fluid inside cells
Extracellular: Fluid outside cells
Interstitial: Fluid in the tissue space between and around cells
Intravascular: The water plasma, or serum, portion of blood
Fluid volume assessment (2)
Intake
Output
Fluid imbalances (3)
Hypovolemia-refers to low volume of extra cellular fluid. If untreated, it may result in dehydration.
Hypervolemia-higher than normal volume of water in the intravascular fluid is distributed to the interstitial space.
Third-spacing-movement of intravascular fluid to non vascular fluid compartment, where it becomes trapped and useless.
IV fluid administration (5steps)
Maintain or replace electrolytes
Administered water-soluble vitamins
Provide a source of calories
Administer drugs
Replace blood and blood products
Types of IV solutions (2)
Crystalloids-made of water and other uniformly dissolved crystals such as salt and sugar…Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
Colloids-made of water and molecules of suspended substances such as blood cells and blood products…Whole blood, Packed cells, Blood substitutes.
Solution selection: Before preparing the solution, the nurse inspects the container and determines that? (5)
The solution is the one prescribed by the physician.
The solution is clear and transparent.
The expiration date has not elapsed.
No leaks are apparent.
A separate label is attached, identifying the type and amount of other drugs added to the commercial solution.
Tubing selection (5)
Primary (long) o secondary (short) tubing.
Vented or unvented tubing.
Micro-drip or macro-drip chamber.
Unfiltered or filtered tubing.
Needleless access ports.
Vein puncture (2)
Vein puncture device
Vein selection
Infusion rate regulation
The nurse is responsible for calculating, regulating, and maintaining the rate of infusion according to the physician’s order.
Assessing for vein puncture complications (4)
Infection
Circulatory overload
Infiltration
Phlebitis
Blood administration (6)
Blood collection and storage
Blood safety
Blood compatibility: O,A,B,AB, and the Rh factor
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion equipment
Blood transfusion reactions: Incompatibility, allergic, febrile, chilling, septic,fluid overload
Parenteral nutrition
Means “a route other than enteral or intestinal”; nutrients such as protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, minerals, and trace element, administered intravenously, provide other than by the oral route.
