Key Planning Figures Flashcards
is known for his 1792 plan of Washington, D.C., whose radial streets and grand vistas influenced generations of American planners, Parisian born Pierre Charles L’Enfant was made a major in the Continental Army in 1778 and was later charged with creating a plan for locating public buildings in the new capital city on the Potomac River.
Pierre Charles L’Enfant
is considered the father of landscape architecture. He is responsible for many of the nation’s most important parks including Central and Prospect Parks in New York City, Niagra Reservation, and university campus landscapes. He was part of the design team for Riverside in 1868.
Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr.
was an English town planner and designer of Letchworth. He later lectured at the University of Birmingham in England and Columbia University.
Sir Raymond Unwin
was an important planner during the Garden City movement. He was the secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth. He developed a number of garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.
Thomas Adams
best known for continuing the work of his father, Frederick Olmsted, Sr., and his lifetime commitment to wildlife conservation and national parks, including projects at the Everglades and Yosemite National Park. He also designed Forest Hill Gardens in Queens, New York, and Palos Verdes Estates in Los Angeles County, California. He served as the first president of the American City Planning Institute.
Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr
is renowned for the influential 1909 Plan for Chicago, the first metropolitan-regional plan in the country. His architectural firm, Burnham and Root, planned the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition — also influential because its classical style architecture inspired legions of city halls, public libraries, and banks throughout the country.
Daniel H. Burnham
was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. He introduced the concept of “region” to architecture and planning and coined the term “conurbation”. Geddes assisted in the early planning of the southern aspect of the Zoological Gardens in Edinburgh. This work was formative in his development of a regional planning model called the “Valley Section”. This model illustrated the complex interactions among biogeography, geomorphology and human systems and attempted to demonstrate how “natural occupations.” The point of this model was to make clear the complex and interrelated relationships between humans and their environment, and to encourage regional planning models that would be responsive to these conditions.
Sir Patrick Geddes
chaired the commission that produced New York City’s landmark 1916 zoning code plan. Bassett had a long-time career as a lawyer, one-term congressman, and participant in a wide array of civic boards and commissions, including the National Conference on City Planning, a forerunner of the American Planning Association.
Edward Basset
was a Cincinnati lawyer who drafted the bill, passed by the Ohio legislature in 1915, that enabled the creation of local planning commissions in the state. He played a key role in establishing the constitutionality of zoning in the 1926 U.S. Supreme Court decision involving the City of Euclid, Ohio, and Ambler Realty Company. He died in 1945.
Alfred Bettman
studied architecture at Columbia University and the École des Beaux-Arts. He worked in the office of Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, where he assisted in the planning of the San Diego World’s Fair (1915). Along with Lewis Mumford and Henry Wright, Stein was a founding member of the Regional Planning Association of America, a group instrumental in importing Ebenezer Howard’s garden city idea from England to the United States. Stein and Wright collaborated on the design of Radburn, New Jersey (1928–32), a garden suburb noted for its superblock layout. Stein wrote Toward New Towns for America (1951).
Clarence Stein
was an architect and advocate of the garden city movement. He worked with Clarence Stein in the 1920s on Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, New York, and Radburn in Fairlawn, New Jersey. Sunnyside Gardens was one of the earliest developments in the country to embrace the “superblock” model in the United States. In the 1930s, he designed Chatham Village, an APA Great Neighborhood, in Pittsburgh.
Henry Wright
author and critic, promoted the idea of planning through such books as The Culture of Cities (1938) and The City in History (1961), the latter of which received the National Book Award. He believed that urban planning should accentuate a natural relationship between people and their living spaces.
Lewis Mumford,
Clarence Arthur Perry is the originator of the “neighborhood unit” concept, which he developed in the 1920s as associate director of the Department of Recreation of the Russell Sage Foundation. He based his principles on Forest Hills Gardens in Queens, New York, where he lived. He was a key contributor to The Regional Survey of New York and its Environs.
Clarence Perry
a native of Hungary who came to the U.S. in 1922, had a distinguished career as a private planning consultant from 1928 to 1968. Segoe was an unwavering advocate of independent, professional planning and is most well-known as editor of The Local Planning Administration, also known as the “green book.” First published in 1941, it was the most influential planning book in the country during the first half of the 20th century.
Ladislas Segoe
was a founder of American housing policy. She worked to reform policy that was related to housing and city planning. She served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America. She wrote Modern Housing and was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.
Catherine Bauer Wurster
