Key Period 7 Flashcards
274) The Influence of Sea Power on History
Written by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, hich argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance
275) Anglo-Saxonism and the White Man’s
Burden
Anglo-Saxonism is the belief that the White race is superior in comparison to other races. The White Man’s Burden is where the white people decided it was their obligation to improve the other races by teaching them white customs
276) Treaty of Kanagawa
Ended Japan’s two-hundred year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing American coaling rights in Japanese ports.
277) Open Door Policy
Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.
278) Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
279) U.S.S. Maine
The Ship that blew up due to Spanish mines, not really. It blew up due to an accident on board aka fire in the ammunition container
280) Yellow journalism
journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century by Jospeh Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
281) Anti-Imperialist League
formed to fight the McKinley administration’s expansionist moves; members included William James, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie; claimed that it was against America’s Democratic ideals to “take over” other lands
282) Teller Amendment
act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish misrule, Cuba would be granted its freedom
283) Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo revolutionary Filipino who commanded Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain; later led Filipinos against the U.S. in 1899 because of their denied freedom after the war
284) Rough Riders
group of American volunteers that formed to fight at San Juan Hill in Cuba; many of them were cowboys, ex-convicts, and other rugged men like the Princeton Polo Team. Organized by Theodore Roosevelt.
285) Jingoism
Extremely aggressive patriotism
286) Platt Amendment
gave the US the right to take over the Island of Cuba if that country entered into a treaty or debt that might place its freedom in danger; also gave the U.S. the right to put a naval base in Cuba to protect it and the US holdings in the Caribbean
287) Insular Cases
It was a Supreme Court case where they decided that just because someone lived in a place owned by the US that did not entitle them to the rights of people who lived on the mainland.
288) Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt’s foreign policy in a nutshell, he would approach the problem diplomatically then if that didn’t work then he always had his big stick at the ready. Meaning he would intimidate the other nations into agreeing
289) Panama Canal
The canal that found a preventative method to malaria, it also cut the shipping time by water for the US by 1/2 leading to a price drop and an even larger consumer culture.
290) Roosevelt Corollary
the US would intervene in Latin American and collect debts for Europe it CORRELATES to the Monroe Doctrine which closed Americas to colonization
291) Great White Fleet
The nickname given to the US Navy after Roosevelt modernized it and decided to paint all the ships white and send them on a “good will tour” which really was meant to intimidate the other nations
292) Gentlemen’s Agreement
The agreement between the US and China where they would stop sending people overseas in exchange for Chinese receiving the benefits of public education
293) Sussex Ultimatum
Wilson told Germany that if they didnt stop sinking merchant ships with warning, he would break diplomatic relations. Germany agree to but continued to sink merchant dhips
294) Zimmerman Telegram
Zimmerman Note 1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile
295) Jeanette Rankin
The first Congresswoman who represented Wyoming(?) and voted against not one but both World Wars
296) Committee on Public Information
was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared
297) Espionage Act and Sedition Act
Espionage Act was a law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1. Sedition Act was added to Espionage Act, this act deemed “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution
298) Schenck v. United States
ustice Holmes’ claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words “are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger” when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist conscription
299) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies
This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor’s interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.
300) National War Labor Board
The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts.
301) Food Administration
It was a government organization created to stir up a patriotic spirit which encouraged people to voluntarily sacrifice some of their own goods for the war. It helped the war effort by helping create a food surplus to feed America and its allies.
302) Fourteen Points
Wilson’s statement of principles for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations to end World War I
303) Treaty of Versailles
was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure.
304) Irreconcilables
A hard core of isolationist senators who bitterly opposed any sort of league; also called the “Battalion of Death”
305) Article X and the League of Nations
This part of the Versailles Treaty morally bound the U. S. to aid any member of the League of Nations that experienced any external aggression. League of Nations is an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
306) The Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S.
307) Washington Disarmament Conference
Meeting held from 1921 to 1922; all naval powers were invited except for Bolshevik Russia. Secretary Hughes laid out a comprehensive plan for declaring a ten-year “holiday” on construction of battleships
308) Kellogg-Briand Pact
agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another
309) Ohio Gang
A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding’s reputation even though he wasn’t involved.
