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AP US History Semester #2 > Key Period 6 > Flashcards

Key Period 6 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Gilded Age
A
  • Economic opportunity, social mobility, and religious toleration appears at the surface but is also faced with Overpopulation, war, and discrimination
  • Coined by Samuel Clemens
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2
Q
  1. New Immigrants
A
  • Routed through receiving station in Ellie Island, New York

- Traveled in search of profit then returning to home country

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3
Q
  1. Ellis Island and Angel Island
A
  • Main entry point to U.S
  • Received 12 million immigrants
  • Processed immigration on west coast mostly from China
  • Harsh and terrible treatment, most that arrived are sent back
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4
Q
  1. American Protective Association
A
  • Political organization of militant Protestants
  • Virulent anti-Catholicism, calls for restriction on immigrants
  • Prefigured the revived Ku Klux Klan
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5
Q
  1. Chinese Exclusion Act
A
  • 1866 Banning of Chinese immigration

- Barred Chinese labor it’s from entering U.S continued to have effect until 1940

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6
Q
  1. Ethnic Enclave
A
  • Geographical area with high ethnic concentration

- Growth dependent upon self-sufficiency and economic prosperity

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7
Q
  1. Tammany Hall and William “boss” Tweed
A
  • William Tweed is boss of Tammany Hall, Democratic political machine
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8
Q
  1. Jacob Riis and “How the Other Half Lives”
A
  • Successful book by Jacob Riis

- Study among the tenements of New York

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9
Q
  1. Gibson Girl
A
  • By artist Charles Gibson
  • Portrays an elite beauty that personifies the ideal of a “New Woman”
  • More educated, athletic, more independent then their mothers
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9
Q
  1. Laissez Faire Economics
A
  • French for “Leave Alone”

- By classical liberals that the less the government is involved the better the economy

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10
Q
  1. Scientific Management
A
  • By Frederick W. Taylor

- Designed for maximum output from the individual worker to increase efficiency and reduce production costs

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11
Q
  1. Social Darwinism
A
  • Formulated by Herbert Spencer

- Claims Human society advanced through ruthless competition and the “Survival of the fittest”

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12
Q
  1. Vertical and Horizontal Integration
A
  • A corporation controlled all aspects of production (raw-packaged) …“Robber Barons” Gustavus Swift/Andrew Carnegie
  • Pressure competitors to merge companies into a conglomerate (sub-companies) …John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil)
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13
Q
  1. Monopolies Trusts and Holding Companies
A
  • Sole provider of a production service
  • Centralized business of combined firms. Stocks held by associates
  • Parent company, holds the most stock out of others. Management held by election of a board of directors
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14
Q
  1. War of Currents
A
  • Surrounding competition of introduction of electrical power transmission systems
  • Commercial competition, Debate, Propaganda
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15
Q
  1. Robber Baron
A
  • A business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
  • Seen badly by public
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16
Q
  1. Cornelius Vanderbilt
A
  • American business entrepreneur

- Built New York Central Railroad

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17
Q
  1. Andrew Carnegie
A
  • Claimed that industrialization increased gap of rich and poor but standard of living rose for all
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18
Q
  1. John D. Rockefeller
A
  • American business entrepreneurs
  • Co founder of Standard Oil Company
  • Oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust petroleum industry
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19
Q
  1. J.P. Morgan
A
  • American business financier and banker

- Instrumental for the creation of the American steel company

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20
Q
  1. Gospel of Wealth
A
  • Andrew Carnegie
  • Observed the poor enjoyed what the rich could not afford before
  • Rich has the responsibility to be philan trip to the poor
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21
Q
  1. Knights of Labor
A
  • 1st mass labor organization among American working class

- Attempt to bridge (ethnicity/race/gender/occupation) to build a “universal brotherhood” of all workers

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22
Q
  1. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
A
  • Samuel Gompers
  • 1886 coordinated activities of craft unions
  • negotiation with employers to benefit skilled workers
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23
Q
  1. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
A
  • Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies

- Protested the growing power of railroads

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24
Q
  1. Haymarket Riot
A
  • Labor demonstration by local anarchists

- Incident created a backlash against labor organizations including Knights of Labor

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25
Q
  1. Homestead Strike
A
  • Strike of steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract
  • National guard suppressed resistance became a non-Union mill
26
Q
  1. Closed Shops
A
  • Workplace where a job seeker had to be a union member to gain employment
  • Keep out lower wage workers strengthen the unions bargain position with employers
27
Q
  1. Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
A
  • In favor of political machines and spoil system-like patronage
  • In favor of civil service reform and merit system
28
Q
  1. Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
A
  • Established a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs
  • Dealt major blow to the “Spoils System” and sought to ensure government positions were filled by professionals
29
Q
  1. Mugwumps
A
  • Republicans who left their party to support democratic (Grover Cleveland)
  • Classical liberals denounced corruption advocated corruption in government powers and civil service reform
30
Q
  1. Panic of 1893
A
  • Marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding

- Shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures

31
Q
  1. National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
A
  • Encourage family’s to bond for the economy and political well-being of community and agriculture
  • Granger Laws and the establishment of rural free mail delivery
32
Q

243 Farmer’s Alliance

A
  • Rural movement (Texas-plains states-south) during depression of 1870
  • Advocated cooperative stores and exchange would circumvent middlemen
  • Called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads
33
Q
  1. Populists / People’s Party
A
  • Against democrats and republicans for ignoring their interests
  • highly critical of capitalism, especially banks/railroads, and allied with the labor movement
34
Q
  1. Omaha Platform
A
  • Statement by the populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans
35
Q
  1. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech
A
  • Support of “free silver”, which he believed would bring the nation prosperity
  • Catapult him to the Democratic Party’s presidential nominations
36
Q
  1. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
A
  • A federal regulatory evenly designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collisions and unfair rates
37
Q
  1. Sixteenth Amendment
A
  • Federal government allowed to levy an income tax from all Americans.
  • Allowed to build roads/ keep and army/ and other duties
38
Q
  1. Initiative Referendum and Recall
A
  • Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office
  • Of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
39
Q
  1. Seventeenth Amendment
A
  • Popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states
  • Senators no longer elected by state legislature
40
Q
  1. Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts
A
  • Forbade anticompetitive business activities required federal government investigations
  • Strengthened “monopoly” and gave more power to Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases . Apply to corporation not Union
41
Q
  1. Children’s Bureau
A
  • Labor Department focused on problems growing out of the war: -
  • Increase in employment of married women, the finding of day care for children of working mothers, and the growth of both child labor and delinquent
42
Q
  1. Uptown Sinclair and “The Jungle”
A
  • Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry

- His dis rioting shocked public and led to new federal food safety laws

43
Q
  1. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
A
  • Tragedy Fire
  • 56 state laws issued dealing with fire hazards/ unsafe machines/ wages/ working hours for women and children
  • Provided a national impetus for industrial reform
44
Q
  1. The Progressive Era
A
  • Social activism and political reform across the United States
  • Goal was to eliminate corruption of government
  • Mainly against political machines
45
Q
  1. Muckrakers
A
  • Applied by Theodore Roosevelt

- Investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandal and industrial abuse

46
Q
  1. Ida B. Wells
A
  • Urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores
47
Q
  1. W.E.B Du Bois
A
  • Fought for immediate implementation of African American rights
  • help found Niagara movement and NAACP
48
Q
  1. Booker T. Washington
A
  • Agains W.E.B Du Bois

- opposed to uprising , thought building up economy is more important

49
Q
  1. Social Gospel
A
  • Movement to renew religious faith through for public welfare
  • Reform of society and self through Christianity
50
Q
  1. Jane Addams and Hull House
A
  • Founded Jane Addams and her companion Ellen Gates Starr

- Impoverished Italian immigrant neighborhoods settlements

51
Q
  1. Women’s Christian Temperance Union
A
  • Advocated the prohibition of liquor. Spread Rapidly

- First to condemn domestic violence

52
Q
  1. Anti-Saloon League
A
  • Moral crusade against the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol into the Prohibition Amendment to the United States Constitution
53
Q
  1. Eighteenth Amendment
A
  • Prohibition of alcohol beverage in America

- Enforced by the Volstead Act

54
Q
  1. National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
A
  • Up to national ratification of suffrage

- Played central role in campaign for women’s right to vote

55
Q
  1. Alice Paul and the National Women’s Party
A
  • Fought for equal rights amendment to the U.S constitution in early 20th century
56
Q
  1. Nineteenth Amendment
A

-

57
Q
  1. Square Deal
A

-

58
Q
  1. John Muir and The Sierra Club
A
  • Dedicated to the preservation of Sierra mountains and wilderness
  • Encourages national and state governments to set aside more land for recreation
59
Q
  1. Dollar Diplomacy
A
  • Emphasized the connection between economics and female abolitionists of gender roles and legal restrictions
  • Created a form of slavery for married women
60
Q
  1. Progressive Party/ Bull Moose Party
A

-

61
Q
  1. Moral Diplomacy
A

-

62
Q
  1. Federal Reserve System
A
  • Central Bank system of U.S

- Helps set money supply level influence rate of growth in U.S economy ensure security of U.S monetary system

63
Q
  1. Federal Trade Commission
A

-

AP US History Semester #2 (3 decks)

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