Key Period 6 Flashcards
1
Q
- Gilded Age
A
- Economic opportunity, social mobility, and religious toleration appears at the surface but is also faced with Overpopulation, war, and discrimination
- Coined by Samuel Clemens
2
Q
- New Immigrants
A
- Routed through receiving station in Ellie Island, New York
- Traveled in search of profit then returning to home country
3
Q
- Ellis Island and Angel Island
A
- Main entry point to U.S
- Received 12 million immigrants
- Processed immigration on west coast mostly from China
- Harsh and terrible treatment, most that arrived are sent back
4
Q
- American Protective Association
A
- Political organization of militant Protestants
- Virulent anti-Catholicism, calls for restriction on immigrants
- Prefigured the revived Ku Klux Klan
5
Q
- Chinese Exclusion Act
A
- 1866 Banning of Chinese immigration
- Barred Chinese labor it’s from entering U.S continued to have effect until 1940
6
Q
- Ethnic Enclave
A
- Geographical area with high ethnic concentration
- Growth dependent upon self-sufficiency and economic prosperity
7
Q
- Tammany Hall and William “boss” Tweed
A
- William Tweed is boss of Tammany Hall, Democratic political machine
8
Q
- Jacob Riis and “How the Other Half Lives”
A
- Successful book by Jacob Riis
- Study among the tenements of New York
9
Q
- Gibson Girl
A
- By artist Charles Gibson
- Portrays an elite beauty that personifies the ideal of a “New Woman”
- More educated, athletic, more independent then their mothers
9
Q
- Laissez Faire Economics
A
- French for “Leave Alone”
- By classical liberals that the less the government is involved the better the economy
10
Q
- Scientific Management
A
- By Frederick W. Taylor
- Designed for maximum output from the individual worker to increase efficiency and reduce production costs
11
Q
- Social Darwinism
A
- Formulated by Herbert Spencer
- Claims Human society advanced through ruthless competition and the “Survival of the fittest”
12
Q
- Vertical and Horizontal Integration
A
- A corporation controlled all aspects of production (raw-packaged) …“Robber Barons” Gustavus Swift/Andrew Carnegie
- Pressure competitors to merge companies into a conglomerate (sub-companies) …John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil)
13
Q
- Monopolies Trusts and Holding Companies
A
- Sole provider of a production service
- Centralized business of combined firms. Stocks held by associates
- Parent company, holds the most stock out of others. Management held by election of a board of directors
14
Q
- War of Currents
A
- Surrounding competition of introduction of electrical power transmission systems
- Commercial competition, Debate, Propaganda
15
Q
- Robber Baron
A
- A business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
- Seen badly by public
16
Q
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
A
- American business entrepreneur
- Built New York Central Railroad
17
Q
- Andrew Carnegie
A
- Claimed that industrialization increased gap of rich and poor but standard of living rose for all
18
Q
- John D. Rockefeller
A
- American business entrepreneurs
- Co founder of Standard Oil Company
- Oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust petroleum industry
19
Q
- J.P. Morgan
A
- American business financier and banker
- Instrumental for the creation of the American steel company
20
Q
- Gospel of Wealth
A
- Andrew Carnegie
- Observed the poor enjoyed what the rich could not afford before
- Rich has the responsibility to be philan trip to the poor
21
Q
- Knights of Labor
A
- 1st mass labor organization among American working class
- Attempt to bridge (ethnicity/race/gender/occupation) to build a “universal brotherhood” of all workers
22
Q
- American Federation of Labor (AFL)
A
- Samuel Gompers
- 1886 coordinated activities of craft unions
- negotiation with employers to benefit skilled workers
23
Q
- Great Railroad Strike of 1877
A
- Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies
- Protested the growing power of railroads
24
Q
- Haymarket Riot
A
- Labor demonstration by local anarchists
- Incident created a backlash against labor organizations including Knights of Labor
25
Q
- Homestead Strike
A
- Strike of steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract
- National guard suppressed resistance became a non-Union mill
26
Q
- Closed Shops
A
- Workplace where a job seeker had to be a union member to gain employment
- Keep out lower wage workers strengthen the unions bargain position with employers
27
Q
- Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
A
- In favor of political machines and spoil system-like patronage
- In favor of civil service reform and merit system
28
Q
- Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
A
- Established a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs
- Dealt major blow to the “Spoils System” and sought to ensure government positions were filled by professionals
29
Q
- Mugwumps
A
- Republicans who left their party to support democratic (Grover Cleveland)
- Classical liberals denounced corruption advocated corruption in government powers and civil service reform
30
Q
- Panic of 1893
A
- Marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding
- Shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures
31
Q
- National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
A
- Encourage family’s to bond for the economy and political well-being of community and agriculture
- Granger Laws and the establishment of rural free mail delivery
32
Q
243 Farmer’s Alliance
A
- Rural movement (Texas-plains states-south) during depression of 1870
- Advocated cooperative stores and exchange would circumvent middlemen
- Called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads
33
Q
- Populists / People’s Party
A
- Against democrats and republicans for ignoring their interests
- highly critical of capitalism, especially banks/railroads, and allied with the labor movement
34
Q
- Omaha Platform
A
- Statement by the populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans
35
Q
- William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech
A
- Support of “free silver”, which he believed would bring the nation prosperity
- Catapult him to the Democratic Party’s presidential nominations
36
Q
- Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
A
- A federal regulatory evenly designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collisions and unfair rates
37
Q
- Sixteenth Amendment
A
- Federal government allowed to levy an income tax from all Americans.
- Allowed to build roads/ keep and army/ and other duties
38
Q
- Initiative Referendum and Recall
A
- Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office
- Of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
39
Q
- Seventeenth Amendment
A
- Popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states
- Senators no longer elected by state legislature
40
Q
- Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts
A
- Forbade anticompetitive business activities required federal government investigations
- Strengthened “monopoly” and gave more power to Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases . Apply to corporation not Union
41
Q
- Children’s Bureau
A
- Labor Department focused on problems growing out of the war: -
- Increase in employment of married women, the finding of day care for children of working mothers, and the growth of both child labor and delinquent
42
Q
- Uptown Sinclair and “The Jungle”
A
- Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry
- His dis rioting shocked public and led to new federal food safety laws
43
Q
- Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
A
- Tragedy Fire
- 56 state laws issued dealing with fire hazards/ unsafe machines/ wages/ working hours for women and children
- Provided a national impetus for industrial reform
44
Q
- The Progressive Era
A
- Social activism and political reform across the United States
- Goal was to eliminate corruption of government
- Mainly against political machines
45
Q
- Muckrakers
A
- Applied by Theodore Roosevelt
- Investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandal and industrial abuse
46
Q
- Ida B. Wells
A
- Urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores
47
Q
- W.E.B Du Bois
A
- Fought for immediate implementation of African American rights
- help found Niagara movement and NAACP
48
Q
- Booker T. Washington
A
- Agains W.E.B Du Bois
- opposed to uprising , thought building up economy is more important
49
Q
- Social Gospel
A
- Movement to renew religious faith through for public welfare
- Reform of society and self through Christianity
50
Q
- Jane Addams and Hull House
A
- Founded Jane Addams and her companion Ellen Gates Starr
- Impoverished Italian immigrant neighborhoods settlements
51
Q
- Women’s Christian Temperance Union
A
- Advocated the prohibition of liquor. Spread Rapidly
- First to condemn domestic violence
52
Q
- Anti-Saloon League
A
- Moral crusade against the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol into the Prohibition Amendment to the United States Constitution
53
Q
- Eighteenth Amendment
A
- Prohibition of alcohol beverage in America
- Enforced by the Volstead Act
54
Q
- National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
A
- Up to national ratification of suffrage
- Played central role in campaign for women’s right to vote
55
Q
- Alice Paul and the National Women’s Party
A
- Fought for equal rights amendment to the U.S constitution in early 20th century
56
Q
- Nineteenth Amendment
A
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57
Q
- Square Deal
A
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58
Q
- John Muir and The Sierra Club
A
- Dedicated to the preservation of Sierra mountains and wilderness
- Encourages national and state governments to set aside more land for recreation
59
Q
- Dollar Diplomacy
A
- Emphasized the connection between economics and female abolitionists of gender roles and legal restrictions
- Created a form of slavery for married women
60
Q
- Progressive Party/ Bull Moose Party
A
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61
Q
- Moral Diplomacy
A
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62
Q
- Federal Reserve System
A
- Central Bank system of U.S
- Helps set money supply level influence rate of growth in U.S economy ensure security of U.S monetary system
63
Q
- Federal Trade Commission
A
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