Key Period 6 Flashcards
1
Q
- Gilded Age
A
- Economic opportunity, social mobility, and religious toleration appears at the surface but is also faced with Overpopulation, war, and discrimination
- Coined by Samuel Clemens
2
Q
- New Immigrants
A
- Routed through receiving station in Ellie Island, New York
- Traveled in search of profit then returning to home country
3
Q
- Ellis Island and Angel Island
A
- Main entry point to U.S
- Received 12 million immigrants
- Processed immigration on west coast mostly from China
- Harsh and terrible treatment, most that arrived are sent back
4
Q
- American Protective Association
A
- Political organization of militant Protestants
- Virulent anti-Catholicism, calls for restriction on immigrants
- Prefigured the revived Ku Klux Klan
5
Q
- Chinese Exclusion Act
A
- 1866 Banning of Chinese immigration
- Barred Chinese labor it’s from entering U.S continued to have effect until 1940
6
Q
- Ethnic Enclave
A
- Geographical area with high ethnic concentration
- Growth dependent upon self-sufficiency and economic prosperity
7
Q
- Tammany Hall and William “boss” Tweed
A
- William Tweed is boss of Tammany Hall, Democratic political machine
8
Q
- Jacob Riis and “How the Other Half Lives”
A
- Successful book by Jacob Riis
- Study among the tenements of New York
9
Q
- Gibson Girl
A
- By artist Charles Gibson
- Portrays an elite beauty that personifies the ideal of a “New Woman”
- More educated, athletic, more independent then their mothers
9
Q
- Laissez Faire Economics
A
- French for “Leave Alone”
- By classical liberals that the less the government is involved the better the economy
10
Q
- Scientific Management
A
- By Frederick W. Taylor
- Designed for maximum output from the individual worker to increase efficiency and reduce production costs
11
Q
- Social Darwinism
A
- Formulated by Herbert Spencer
- Claims Human society advanced through ruthless competition and the “Survival of the fittest”
12
Q
- Vertical and Horizontal Integration
A
- A corporation controlled all aspects of production (raw-packaged) …“Robber Barons” Gustavus Swift/Andrew Carnegie
- Pressure competitors to merge companies into a conglomerate (sub-companies) …John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil)
13
Q
- Monopolies Trusts and Holding Companies
A
- Sole provider of a production service
- Centralized business of combined firms. Stocks held by associates
- Parent company, holds the most stock out of others. Management held by election of a board of directors
14
Q
- War of Currents
A
- Surrounding competition of introduction of electrical power transmission systems
- Commercial competition, Debate, Propaganda
15
Q
- Robber Baron
A
- A business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
- Seen badly by public
16
Q
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
A
- American business entrepreneur
- Built New York Central Railroad
17
Q
- Andrew Carnegie
A
- Claimed that industrialization increased gap of rich and poor but standard of living rose for all
18
Q
- John D. Rockefeller
A
- American business entrepreneurs
- Co founder of Standard Oil Company
- Oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust petroleum industry
19
Q
- J.P. Morgan
A
- American business financier and banker
- Instrumental for the creation of the American steel company
20
Q
- Gospel of Wealth
A
- Andrew Carnegie
- Observed the poor enjoyed what the rich could not afford before
- Rich has the responsibility to be philan trip to the poor
21
Q
- Knights of Labor
A
- 1st mass labor organization among American working class
- Attempt to bridge (ethnicity/race/gender/occupation) to build a “universal brotherhood” of all workers
22
Q
- American Federation of Labor (AFL)
A
- Samuel Gompers
- 1886 coordinated activities of craft unions
- negotiation with employers to benefit skilled workers
23
Q
- Great Railroad Strike of 1877
A
- Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies
- Protested the growing power of railroads
24
233. Haymarket Riot
- Labor demonstration by local anarchists
| - Incident created a backlash against labor organizations including Knights of Labor
25
234. Homestead Strike
- Strike of steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract
- National guard suppressed resistance became a non-Union mill
26
236. Closed Shops
- Workplace where a job seeker had to be a union member to gain employment
- Keep out lower wage workers strengthen the unions bargain position with employers
27
237. Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
- In favor of political machines and spoil system-like patronage
- In favor of civil service reform and merit system
28
238. Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
- Established a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs
- Dealt major blow to the "Spoils System" and sought to ensure government positions were filled by professionals
29
239. Mugwumps
- Republicans who left their party to support democratic (Grover Cleveland)
- Classical liberals denounced corruption advocated corruption in government powers and civil service reform
30
240. Panic of 1893
- Marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding
| - Shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures
31
241. National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
- Encourage family's to bond for the economy and political well-being of community and agriculture
- Granger Laws and the establishment of rural free mail delivery
32
243 Farmer's Alliance
- Rural movement (Texas-plains states-south) during depression of 1870
- Advocated cooperative stores and exchange would circumvent middlemen
- Called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads
33
243. Populists / People's Party
- Against democrats and republicans for ignoring their interests
- highly critical of capitalism, especially banks/railroads, and allied with the labor movement
34
244. Omaha Platform
- Statement by the populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans
35
245. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech
- Support of "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity
- Catapult him to the Democratic Party's presidential nominations
36
246. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
- A federal regulatory evenly designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collisions and unfair rates
37
247. Sixteenth Amendment
- Federal government allowed to levy an income tax from all Americans.
- Allowed to build roads/ keep and army/ and other duties
38
248. Initiative Referendum and Recall
- Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office
- Of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.
39
249. Seventeenth Amendment
- Popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states
- Senators no longer elected by state legislature
40
250. Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts
- Forbade anticompetitive business activities required federal government investigations
- Strengthened "monopoly" and gave more power to Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases . Apply to corporation not Union
41
251. Children's Bureau
- Labor Department focused on problems growing out of the war: -
- Increase in employment of married women, the finding of day care for children of working mothers, and the growth of both child labor and delinquent
42
252. Uptown Sinclair and "The Jungle"
- Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry
| - His dis rioting shocked public and led to new federal food safety laws
43
253. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
- Tragedy Fire
- 56 state laws issued dealing with fire hazards/ unsafe machines/ wages/ working hours for women and children
- Provided a national impetus for industrial reform
44
254. The Progressive Era
- Social activism and political reform across the United States
- Goal was to eliminate corruption of government
- Mainly against political machines
45
255. Muckrakers
- Applied by Theodore Roosevelt
| - Investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandal and industrial abuse
46
256. Ida B. Wells
- Urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores
47
257. W.E.B Du Bois
- Fought for immediate implementation of African American rights
- help found Niagara movement and NAACP
48
258. Booker T. Washington
- Agains W.E.B Du Bois
| - opposed to uprising , thought building up economy is more important
49
259. Social Gospel
- Movement to renew religious faith through for public welfare
- Reform of society and self through Christianity
50
260. Jane Addams and Hull House
- Founded Jane Addams and her companion Ellen Gates Starr
| - Impoverished Italian immigrant neighborhoods settlements
51
261. Women's Christian Temperance Union
- Advocated the prohibition of liquor. Spread Rapidly
| - First to condemn domestic violence
52
262. Anti-Saloon League
- Moral crusade against the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol into the Prohibition Amendment to the United States Constitution
53
363. Eighteenth Amendment
- Prohibition of alcohol beverage in America
| - Enforced by the Volstead Act
54
264. National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
- Up to national ratification of suffrage
| - Played central role in campaign for women's right to vote
55
256. Alice Paul and the National Women's Party
- Fought for equal rights amendment to the U.S constitution in early 20th century
56
266. Nineteenth Amendment
-
57
267. Square Deal
-
58
268. John Muir and The Sierra Club
- Dedicated to the preservation of Sierra mountains and wilderness
- Encourages national and state governments to set aside more land for recreation
59
269. Dollar Diplomacy
- Emphasized the connection between economics and female abolitionists of gender roles and legal restrictions
- Created a form of slavery for married women
60
270. Progressive Party/ Bull Moose Party
-
61
271. Moral Diplomacy
-
62
272. Federal Reserve System
- Central Bank system of U.S
| - Helps set money supply level influence rate of growth in U.S economy ensure security of U.S monetary system
63
273. Federal Trade Commission
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