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Archaeology 101 > Key People > Flashcards

Key People Flashcards

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1
Q

Sir Charles Lyell

A

Introduced uniformitarianism

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2
Q

Jean Francois Champollion

A

Used Rosetta Stone to decipher the hieroglyphs

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3
Q

Ephraim Squier

A

Ohio newspaperman who considered the mounds in North America beyond the capabilities of the native Americans

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4
Q

Samuel Haven

A

Produced synthesis which is considered to be a foundation stone of modern American archaeology

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5
Q

John Wesley Powell

A

Set up bureau of American ethnology to study native Americans. Campaigned for native rights.

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6
Q

Cyrus Thomas

A

Recruited by Powell to head the bureau’s archaeology program and settle the mound builder question

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7
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Had mounds on his property and excavated them and successfully proved that they WERE made by native Americans and not by fictional or extinct mound builders. He asked questions

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8
Q

General Augustus Lane Fox Pitt Rivers

A

Deduced humankind is older than 40,000-5,000 years. Brought military methods to archaeology. Pioneered recording techniques. Was concerned with recovering all objects no matter how mundane

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9
Q

Sir William Flinders Petrie

A

Meticulous excavations, insisted on collection and description of everything found

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10
Q

Sir Mortimer Wheeler

A

Created grid square method

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11
Q

Julio Tello

A

First indigenous archaeologist in America. Helps build awareness about archaeology in Peru

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12
Q

Alfred Kidder

A

Made a blueprint for regional survey. Major figure in maya archaeology

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13
Q

W.C McKern

A

Led groups of scholars on regional sequences that became known as the Midwestern taxonomic system

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14
Q

Gordon Childe

A

Leading thinker and writer about European prehistory
Marxist. There was a Neolithic revolution that gave rise to the development of farming and later the urban revolution which led to the first towns and cities

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15
Q

Julian Steward

A

Interested in explaining cultural change. Began cultural ecology

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16
Q

Grahame Clark

A

Developed ecological approach with even more direct relevance for archaeological fieldwork

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17
Q

Willard Libby

A

Invented radiocarbon dating

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18
Q

Lewis Binford

A

New archaeology

Argued against trying to use archaeological data to write counterfeit history

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19
Q

Ian Hodder

A

No single correct way to undertake archaeological inference

Interpretive archaeologist

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20
Q

Harriet Boyd Hawes

A

Discovered Bronze Age site of Gournia

21
Q

Gertrude Caton-Thompson

A

Pioneering her interdisciplinary project of survey and excavation in Egypt

22
Q

Dorothy Garrod

A

First woman professor at Cambridge

23
Q

Anna O.Shepard

A

Pioneer in petrographic analysis of archaeological pottery

24
Q

Kathleen Kenyon

A

Excavated Jericho and Jerusalem

Trained under Mortimer Wheeler

25
Q

Tatiana Proskouriakoff

A

Devoted her life to Mayan architecture art and hieroglyphs

26
Q

Mary and Louis leaky

A

Worked in east Africa and excavation fossilized hominin footprints

27
Q

Heinrich Schliemann

A

Found Troy with luck

Blew up parts of it with dynamite

28
Q

Helge and Anne Ingstad

A

Identified Viking settlement of L’Anse aux meadows in Newfoundland thanks to clues in medieval Viking sagas

29
Q

Gordon Willey and William T.Sanders

A

Scholars pioneering research that led to archaeologists increased desire to study settlement patterns

30
Q

Bernard Knapp and Michael Given

A

Led Sydney Cyprus survey project

31
Q

George Bass

A

Invented basket balloons to float artifacts up to surface founder of institute of nautical archaeology

32
Q

Karl Wittfogel

A

Explained the origin of the great civilizations in terms of large scale irrigation

33
Q

Igor Diakonoff

A

Developed different explanation for state origins

34
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Argued that human population tends to grow to the limit permitted by the food supply

35
Q

Esther Boserup

A

Reversed Malthus’ position, saying that agriculture will intensify if population increased

36
Q

Robert Carneiro

A

Developed explanation that laid stress on the constraints imposed by the environment and on the role of warfare

37
Q

William Rathje

A

Argued that in lowland areas lacking basic raw materials there will be pressure for the development of organized communities that are able to ensure the regular supply of those materials

38
Q

Claude-Levi Strauss

A

Structuralist idealist

39
Q

Mark Leone

A

Neo-Marxist ideals; emphasized the contradiction represented between a slave owning Soviet and proclaiming independence in order to promote individual liberty

40
Q

Roy Rappaport

A

The role of religious concerned with symbolic questions

41
Q

Kent Flannery

A

Influenced by Rappaport. Concerned with symbolic questions

42
Q

Richard Blanton

A

Contrasted cognitive symbolic base of power with what he calls objective base of power

43
Q

Luigi Perticarari

A

Robber in Italy who has more first hand knowledge of the Etruscan tombs that any archaeologist

44
Q

CJ Thomsen

A

Danish scholar. Proposed that prehistoric artifacts could be divided into coming from a Stone Age, a Bronze Age, and an Iron Age.
Division of Stone Age’s was later established as Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic.

45
Q

Charles E. Borden

A

Alphanumeric coding system for recording archaeological sites
Example: AbHs1 or KV61

46
Q

Sir John Marshall

A

Began systematic excavation that revealed the cities of the Indus Valley civilization

47
Q

Sir John William Dawson

A

Canadian geologist

48
Q

John Lloyd Stepens and Frederick Catherwood

A

Mapped Mayan ruins

Archaeology 101 (2 decks)

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