key muscles of the ankle (I and A)

Question 1

gastrocnemius

Answer 1

origin lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
origin medial head: posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, popliteal surface shaft
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
action: foot plantar flexion and leg flexion

Question 2

soleus

Answer 2

origin: solar line, medial border and head of tibia, posterior border of fibula
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus
action: foot plantar flexion

Question 3

tibialis posterior

Answer 3

origin: posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
insertion: tuberosity navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal
action: talocrural joint creates foot plantar flexion, subtalar joint creates foot innvervation, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 4

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 4

origin: posterior surface of tibia, inferior to solar line
insertion: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
action: metatarsophalangeal and interphalageal joints 2-5 toe flexion, talocrural joint foot inversion

Question 5

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 5

origin: posterior surface fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior inter-muscular septum of leg, fascia of tibias posterior muscle
insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe
action: metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint toe flexion, talocrural joint foot plantar flexion

Question 6

tibialis anterior

Answer 6

origin: lat surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
insertion: medial cuneiform bone, base of metatarsal bone one
action: talocrural joint foot dorsiflexion, subtler joint foot inversion

Question 7

tensor digitorum longus

Answer 7

origin: proximal half of medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, interosseous membrane
insertion: distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
action: metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal 2-5 toe extension, talocrural joint foot dorsiflexion, subtalar joint foot eversion

Question 8

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 8

origin: middle of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe
action: metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint one toe extension, talocrural joint foot dorsiflexion

Question 9

peroneus longus

Answer 9

origin: head of fibula, proximal 2/3 of lateral surface fibula, inter-muscular septa
insertion: medial cuneiform bone, metatarsal bone 1
action: talocrural joint foot plantar flexion, subtalar joint foot eversion, supports longitudinal and transverse arches of foot

Question 10

peroneus brevis

Answer 10

origin: distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, anterior inter-muscular septum
insertion: tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone
action: talocrural joint foot plantar flexion, subtalar joint foot eversion

Question 11

tertius

Answer 11

origin: medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior inter-muscular septum
insertion: dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5
action: talocrural joint foot dorsiflexion, subtalar joint foot eversion