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AY13 Sociology - Research Methods > Key Knowledge/Terms > Flashcards

Key Knowledge/Terms Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Human behaviour is dependent on structures in society ie religion.

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2
Q

What is consensus theory?

A

Structures/institutions in society work collectively to help society function.

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3
Q

What is structural differentiation?

A

Functions can overlap with different institutions.

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4
Q

What is OBjective knowledge?

A

Something that can be tested and proven.

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5
Q

What is SUBjective knowledge?

A

Someone’s opinion, no proof.

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6
Q

What is primary data?

A

Gathered first hand by a researcher.

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7
Q

What is secondary data?

A

Collected by someone else and then used by the researcher.

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8
Q

Explain how to get objective knowledge.

A
  1. Gather & analyse data.
  2. Find & test correlation.
  3. Develop & test theories.
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9
Q

Name the types of data.

A

Primary
Secondary
Qualitative
Quantitative

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10
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Non-numerical info.

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11
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Numerical info.

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12
Q

What is a positivist?

What is an Interpretivist?

A

Proving something with science

Proving something with social interaction & non-scientific info

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13
Q

Explain PET and its relevance.

A 
P = practical
E = ethical
T = theoretical

It is the method for approaching 20 mark method questions.

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14
Q

What is the importance of the values of the researcher?

A

The researcher is unlikely to research something they do not deem important.

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15
Q

What is the importance of professional interests?

A

Researchers want to further their career and may choose a topic which will gain them respect.

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16
Q

What is the importance of funding?

A

Government funding is subjective to what the government prefers at that moment.

17
Q

What is the importance of fashionable topics?

A

What is popular in the news shifts the focus to what’s ‘important’.

18
Q

What is the importance of practicalities?

A

Whether the research is possible to do.

19
Q

What do Practical Issues include? (PET)

4

A

Time
Funding bodies
Personal traits of researchers
Subject matter (+ what it requires)

20
Q

What do Ethical Issues include? (PET)

5

A 
Consent (inc. presumptive consent)
Confidentiality 
Danger & harm
Vulnerable groups
Covert research
21
Q

What is presumptive consent?

Ethical - PET

A

Some people need others to provide consent on their behalf.

22
Q

What do Theoretical Issues include? (PET)

4

A

Reliability (esp. for quantitative data)
Validity
Representativeness
Methodological perspective (consist of 2 main sociological groups: interpretivists/positivists).

23
Q

Explain what macro/micro is.

A

Macro = broad focus within society eg social groups

Micro = narrow focus within society eg individuals

24
Q

What is social dysfunction?

A

Any social pattern that affects stability in society.

25
Q

What are the main debates in sociology?

4

A

Structure v social action
Consensus v conflict
Macro v micro
Positivist v interactionist

26
Q

What is triangulation?

A

Looking at something through a range of angles, likely to involve both qualitative and quantitative data.

27
Q

What is covert research?

A

Hidden from participants, they’re unaware that you’re there.

28
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of covert research?

A

A = Behaviour is natural and therefore the study is valid.

D = Could be considered unethical in certain situations.

29
Q

What is overt research?

A

Participants are aware of the research.

30
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of overt research?

A

A = Fewer ethical concerns

D = Less trust from participants leads to less opportunity and the Hawthorne effect.

31
Q

What is participant research?

A

The researcher takes part

32
Q

What is non-participant research?

A

The researcher does not take part

33
Q

Define ethnographic.

A

Describing groups and differences between them.

34
Q

What do the main challenges of ethnographic research include?
(4)

A
  • Gaining acceptance from the group
  • Recording in a valid and reliable way
  • Being objective
  • Hawthorne effect

AY13 Sociology - Research Methods (5 decks)

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