Key Factors Of Rise And Decline Flashcards
Rome
Conquered by the etruscans and overthrown by roman republic
Etruscans
Rome
Modified Greek civilization
Writing
Religious practices
Engineering skills
Clans
Rome
Groups or families
Nobles (patricians)
Rome
Fathers Privileged class functioned as advisory council to king and had certain political rights
Family unit
Rome
Family itself
Free clients
Slaves
Rome religion
Animalistic religion
Rome household religion
Household gods (lares & penates) Protect the household Ancestors worshipped and death masks maintained
Establishment of roman republic
Desire to be free of Etruscans
Desire to put an end to tyranny of last king
Kind of political evolution that occurred elsewhere as the noble class wanted to cast aside control of the monarch and establish aristocratic form of government
Rome to conquer Italy
Center of peninsula
Army
Disunity of enemies
Imperialism- self-government to local people
Disciplined family structure
Superior form of government- the republic
Roman written law rights to common people
Right to popular assemble
Creation of tribunes to protect rights of all citizens
Creation of special new officials who were to make government fairer and more efficient
Roman hortensian law
Nobles and commoners to intermarry and permitted commoners to hold public offices
Decline of the republic
Not have infrastructure to absorb conquered people Political decay Vast economic and social change Military failure Civil war erupted Taxation Government oppression Corrupt resident government officials
The first triumvirate
End of the roman republic
Caesar, Pompey, Crassus.
Caesar attempt to establish dictatorship
Caesar made many reforms, including reducing power of senate, but killed in senate
The second triumvirate
The end of roman republic
Octavian, mark Antony, Lepidus
Octavian emerged victorious from ensuring power struggle and became ruler of Rome. Octavian established “disguised monarchy” share power with senate, though he withheld most of the power
Improved government
Extended citizenship rights to all roman soldiers
Roman Empire contributions
- Peace and prosperity
- Codification of roman law
- Unified empire allowed self-government to component city-states
- Introduction of idea of separation of powers and popular sovereignty
- Development of “science” of public administration
- Tax collection methods
- Extensive civil-service program
- Tolerance and granting of citizenship rights to all inhabitants
- Engineering and construction of excellent roads, bridges, aqueducts, and sanitation systems
- Construction of massive buildings
- Preservation of Greek artistic techniques
- Development of education
- Refinement of rhetoric
- Literature
- Extension of philosophy in Greek tradition
Political decline of Roman Empire
Anarchy and military emperors led to war and destruction
“Divine right” absolute monarchy, new imperial bureaucracy, new administrative divisions to lessen burden of ruling
Economic decline of Roman Empire
Wasteful agricultural methods
Decline of commerce
Skilled workers bound to jobs and forced to accept government wages and prices
Lack of productivity and inadequate investment of capital
Draining of gold from western part of empire
Biological, ecological, and social decline of Roman Empire
Deforestation Bad agricultural methods Diseases Earthquakes Immorality Brutal treatment of masses in cities Decay of pagan beliefs and roman ideas with rise of Christianity
Han dynasty
Founded by Lou clan family
Greatest periods in Chinese history
China officially Confucian state
Empire prosperous and commerce flourished
Qin dynasty
Emperor Qin shi hang
Han dynasty revolts
Peasants
Prisoners
Soldiers
Descendants of nobles of “six warring states”
Divided the country into 19 states
Five years of war followed
Han dynasty emperor
Liu bang (emperor Gao)- Consolidate his power and then to consolidate the empire
Han dynasty government
Reduced taxation
reduce the governments control over the lives of people
created stability
Emperor wu
Let the most prosperous period of the dynasty
Fought back
Made china a Confucian state
Sent envoy to the west and pioneered Silk Road
Gave control of land to merchants
Accomplishments of Han dynasty
Strong military westward expansion Secure caravan traffic Tributary System Silk Road Confucian state paper invention literacy and artistic revival
Accomplishments of Han dynasty
Restricting coining of metal to the government first dictionary
Length of the solar year
observation of sunspots
eclipses natural phenomena
artistic carving in stone depicted realistic action
Making of mirrors glass and lacquered objects
introduction of Buddhism into China
Han dynasty rapid decline after wu’s death.
Wang Mang
seized throne and ruled as emperor after wu
Introduce dramatic innovations- unpopular with rich
Reforms- ending slavery, dividing large estates, price fixing
Later Han rulers
Weak
Incompetent
Taoist red turbans- contributed to decline of dynasty. Further weakening resulted from internal corruption and political infighting.
Han dynasty ends
Captured by the Huns
